Domestic Politics Essay Example for Free

Domestic Politics Essay Trade which means the exchange of goods and services for money is very important for the growth of any country’s economy. This business industry has continually changed over time. This can be clearly seen because a long time ago there was barter trade which is the exchange of goods with other goods or services. Initially there was no medium of exchange but later money was introduced. Traditionally, trade was also conducted within boundaries of countries that is local trade. However the arena has completely changed nowadays. This has been caused by the fact that the transportation of goods and services is easy. People, goods and services can be transported through air, rail, water or even road. This in turn means that space otherwise known as distance between the producer of goods and services and the consumer is not an issue. There is therefore a free flow of services, people and goods from one country to another. This means that there is international trade. However, international trade is affected by the domestic policies of the country as well and the politics of all other countries involved. This paper will study the effects of the politics of globalization in China. Yanrui argues that the economy of China has changed since the economic reforms which took place in 1978 (1). According to the National Bureau of Statistics of China, her economy comes third. United States is ranked first followed by Japan. China’s economy has been growing very rapidly. It has been having a constant Gross Domestic Product growth rate of more than 10per cent. Her per capita income has also been increasing with time. Her economy is continually improving because she concentrates in ensuring that there is equitable sharing of resources as well as aiming at lowering the poverty levels. Additionally, (Dadush 1) notes that China is doing considerably well in the international market as she is the leading exporter and the second largest importer of services and goods. On the same note (Yanrui 2), states that there are two major factors responsible for the economic advancements in China. The first factor is growth of investments which between 1979 and 2004 grew at a rate of 12 per cent. The high growth of investments was caused by many foreign organizations investing directly and also the high rate of savings. This means that the foreign organizations invested in China as citizen and thus this is corporate citizenship. The organizations in turn save some money in the country. He observe that there was a very high increase in the ratio of domestic savings and Gross Domestic Product. The figure had increased up to 74. 8 per cent in 2004 compared to 10. 1 per cent in 1979. (Yanrui 2) continues to emphasize the fact that china’s economy has improved due to her increased exports. The exports rates were 18 per cent between 1979 and 2004. Yanrui continues to state that another factor to be considered in measuring the growth rate of China is the domestic consumption. The number of people acquiring cars increased at a rate of 24. 1 per cent per year between 2001 and 2004. This shows that they have money and thus the economy is doing well. It clearly indicates that due to the improvement in the country’s economy a lot of people had the purchasing power due to low prices of commodities and the taxes levied on the goods and services had reduced and hence most people could buy them. The economy of a country is highly affected by her politics Keohane (2). He continues to argue that the domestic politics of a country in turn affects the world economy. It is therefore necessary to consider how domestic politics, globalization influence each other in China. In China in 1949, the government used to control the prices of commodities, control some important policies such as the banking and financial policies. This hindered economic development and as a result her economy was not growing at a fast pace. After 1978 the Chinese government controlled only a few industries such as the one dealing with air travel. The Chinese government ensures that the activities in each sector of the economy are controlled by institutions or organizations such as Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Agriculture among others. The operations of some other organizations are supervised by the State Council. The State council has offices in other locations nearer to the institutions it supervises. The state council implements the policies regarding the economy. This is done by controlling financial operations of the organizations, ensuring that some resources such as transport, labor and raw materials among others are equitably shared and they also control the tax issues. Taxes can lead to a poor economy because they make the prices to shoot upwards if they are high. This in turn lowers the demand for the goods. Zhiyue (1) states that it is of paramount importance for China to attain democracy. However it is a hard task to decide which democracy model should be implemented in China. He (145) notes that there are four democratization models that china could use. They are: social capital theory, modernization theory, negotiation-pact and the modernization theory. Each of these will be elaborated. The social mobilization theory states that democracy is not achieved by mere economic advancement (He 147). The modernization theory on the other hand (145) advocates for the fact that if a country is economically developed it is most likely to achieve high levels of democracy. The third theory which is negotiation-pact stipulates that the learned and the political leader are very important in order for a country to achieve democracy (He 153). He also notes that it is viewed as the most secure model for transition. He (154) continues to elaborate that for a country like China to attain democracy various factors which include the culture, her economic development, the politicians and the social classes have to be considered. In addition to considering these factors any other important issue should be put into consideration. A balance should be stricken between the various factors in order to achieve democracy without violence which could lead to unnecessary loss of property and lives. Therefore in attempt to answer the question it is worth noting that China’s economy is doing well. This means that there is increased trade, income and saving are high, the prices and inflation rates are low. This basically means that the economic arena is good. However, China has not yet attained democracy. Yanrui (2006) observes that globalization is the ability of the Chinese economy to interact profitably with the international business community. He additionally states that a country’s level of globalization can be gauged by looking at how the international business affects its economy. China has made use of the international trade and thus her exports rose to 593. 4 United States billion dollars in 2004 up from 9. 8 billion United States dollars. It is at this point that I would like to note that the domestic politics of a country affects her globalization. The political system of a country determines whether there will be free flow of goods, capital, services and people in and out of the country. As has already been stated above for a country to be considered internationalized it has to engage in international trade. Thanks to the Chinese government which discovered this earlier and implemented the 1978 reforms. This encouraged international trade which has made her economy to improve dramatically. However, this should not cause the countries to lose their political identity in the name of being internationalized. China has an edge over any other country that has not reached her level. (He 139) notes that the China is almost developing to the level of the developed world. He also observes that though China has developed in terms of trade she still lacks in the democracy (140). This is therefore a clear indicator that China has a democratic deficit which is caused by its communist system. It is therefore important for China to look for a suitable democratic model which she should implement in order to avert the democratic deficit. He adds that ninety per cent of the people in China feel that they should have democracy (145). China has become a very important destination for any organization in the world. The Economists intelligence Unit (10) notes that there is no serious multinational that can afford to ignore China in its business operations. It continues to elaborate that the emergence of a stable market which is easily accessible makes China a preferred market for many multinationals. To ensure that the multinationals adhere to the expected standards China has introduced laws and regulations to cater for the organizations. Global Corporate citizenship is whereby a multinational company registers in a particular country such as China in order for it to conduct business in the host country. This is done in China and it is important because those companies who conduct business in China are conversant with her laws and hence security is maintained despite there being foreigners in China. The foreigners feel part and parcel of the country. It is important that each and every country discover that though the economy could be doing very well they should also ensure that they attain democracy. They should consider the democratization theories and and come with a model that will favor them. Domestic politics should ensure that country develops economy wise. The factors of production as well as the resources should be distributed equitably for the benefit of all citizens and any other party willing to conduct business in the country. Works Cited. Dadush, Uri. Global outlook: Not your average Crisis. Massachusetts, International Economic Bulletin, 2010. Economist Intelligence Unit. Coming of Age: Multinational Companies in China. Hongkong, Russell Reynolds Associates Economist Intelligence Unit,2004. He, Kai, and Huiyun, Feng. â€Å"A path to democracy: In search of China’s Democratization Model Vol 32, No. 3, 2008. Keohane,Robert, and Helen Milner. Internationalization and domestic politics. United Kingdom,the press syndicate of the University of Cambridge,1996. MIT department of political science. Politics of globalization. Cambridge, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2009. Yanrui, Wu. Economic growth transition and globalization in China: advances in Chinese Economic studies. U. K: Edward and elgar Publishing Ltd. , 2006. .Zhiyue,Bo. China’s model of democracy. Chicago, Political Science Association, 2009.

Nooligan and Street Boy Essay -- English Literature

Nooligan and Street Boy The poems "Nooligan" by Roger McGough and "Street Boy" by Gareth Owen are two poems which both deal with the issue of teenage hooliganism, and both poets use language to create a vivid sense of character. Although both deal with the same theme, there are many similarities and differences between the two. "Nooligan" is about a boy who thinks he is really powerful and harsh but is actually an uneducated boy trying to be a real hooligan. "Street Boy" is also about a hooligan except that he actually is more powerful and has a higher status than the inferior "Nooligan". One of the main similarities is that both the poets present the characters as using slang language or some sort of incorrect form of English. In "Nooligan" for example the boy says in the fourth line of the third verse: Football's me game (Well, watchin') McGough has used "me" instead of my. This portrays the "Nooligan" as unintelligent and uneducated because of the use of words and grammar, because the poem gives us an impression that "Nooligan" isn't the type of person who would work hard (he doesn't "give a toss"), I'm not surprised at the hooligan's English. The use of slang by the hooligan in "Street Boy" is the word "hark" instead of listen or hear and "stompin'" instead of walking. The effects that these two words put on us are that we start to think that the boy actually does have some power and attitude, and we believe that he actually is the bully that he's talking about. But at the same time, the use of these slang words makes the characters appear to be foolish and idiotic. Another similarity that the poet employs in the two poems is that in both of them, the first line of each verse is the sa... ...he is. The words "stompin'", "silence", "spaced", "stoned" all show that. In conclusion, the two poems are very interesting and engaging in terms of the use of words, tone, structure etc. The poets Roger McGough ("Nooligan") and Gareth Owen ("Street Boy") use specific techniques to give the poems a certain effect. There are differences and similarities between the two obviously. The main similarity is the poets' use of slang and an incorrect form of English and the main difference is the language and vocabulary between the two poems. Something worth mentioning is that the poets have made the poems relate to all teenagers in general since the name of the "Nooligan" and the "Street Boy" aren't given. So overall, there are a lot of similarities and differences between the two, but both are to the point and give you a general idea of what the poem is about.

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Essay

In recent years healthcare systems have become more like business entities than health care providers. Technology is continually evolving so is healthcare and its financial approach. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), is a guide used by healthcare providers to account for their financial activities. GAAP is a guideline or a group of objectives and concepts that have evolved over 500 years from the basic concepts of Luca Pacioli set forth in the 1400s (Omar, 2010). It comprises a set of principles that have been developed by the accounting profession. According to Saunders (1993), â€Å"Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) established the rules and guidelines which require CPAs to indicate whether an audited set of financial statements is in compliance with GAAP† (p. 104). They are five principles and each one will be discussed in relation to healthcare. These are paramount to the effectiveness of business accounting. Accounting principles include the follo wing: accounting entity, money measurement, duality, cost evaluation, and stable monetary unit. Accounting Entity An accounting entity is the business or corporation that performs clear economic activities, separate from any personal economic endeavors (Cleverly, Cleverly, & Song 2011). In health care accounting entities can be surgical centers, hospitals, clinics, home health agencies, nursing homes, or other entities that are part of a larger health care network. An accounting entity requires financial records that define organizations financial activities that are clear and concise. Cleverly, Cleverly & Song (2011) states that if an entity is not properly defined, evaluation of its financial information may be useless at best and misleading at worst. The entity is expected to maintain its accounting records in accordance to GAAP. Money Measurement Measurement is the process of determining the monetary amounts at which the elements of the financial statements are to be recognized and carried in the balance sheet and income statement as a contribution to the accounting theory of extensive measurement (Scrimnger, & Musvoto,2011). Resources and liabilities have to be considered and calculated to determine accurate money measurement in an organization. These resources are referred to as assets, which include money, buildings and equipment. In health care these assets include, buildings, cash-flow, and equipment. Liabilities will be salaries to the employees and loans owed from banks and any other companies they are in business with. In most normal situations assets exceed liabilities in money measured value (Cleverly, Cleverly & Song 2011). An entity shall not recognize an element of financial statement unless a reliable value can be assigned to it. Duality. This is a fundamental convention of accounting that necessitates the recog nition of all aspects of an accounting transaction. According to Cleverly, Cleverly & Song (2011), â€Å"The value of assets must always equal the combined value of liabilities and residual interest, which we have called net assets†. He goes on to explain the basic accounting equation, the duality principle, may be stated as follows: Assets=Liabilities +Net assets. In any given situation the value of assets will always equal the value of claims. Cost valuation. When looking at an organization one needs to know about the assets and their value. When assets are recognized the basis for valuation needs to be determined. The two bases are historical and fair value (Saunders, 1993). The amount paid for the asset is the basis for valuation which is referred to historic and fair value is the amount an asset could be exchanged between knowledgeable willing parties. The firm’s accounting statements reflect the company’s financial status and this is presented in the balance sheet. GAAPs in the United States require the valu ation of fixed assets at historical cost, adjusted for any estimated gain and loss in value from improvements and the aging, respectively, of these assets. As mentioned previously hospitals now operate as business entities, and their accounting operation is the same as any other entity. Stable monetary unit. In any organization, the monetary unit principle assumes that the value of the unit currency in which you record transactions remains stable over time. This concept allows accountants to disregard the effect of in inflation, a  decrease in terms of real goods of what the dollar can purchase. Monetary unit assumption makes accounting process manageable however it can be problematic. If in any case the value of money changes rapidly due to market conditions or policy changes, a business’s financial statements may be less useful for comparison with prior records (Omar, 2010). Accounting focuses on the financial aspects of the business and that too for matters which can be expressed in terms of currencies. Nurse Managers must be able to communicate with financial managers of the organization as they help steer the overall direction of the organization (Saunders, 1993). The health care operation relies on revenues from patients billing and in turn help sustain the business on them and any other income. Health care systems are able to run business successfully by using GAAP guidelines. We have seen in this discussion that the five principles of accounting are essential in daily business operation. The understanding of accounting entity, money measurement, duality, cost valuation and stable monetary unit will help any health organization to manage their finances well. References Cleverly, W. O., Cleverly, J. O., & Song, P. H. (2011) Essentials of health care finance (7th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett. Omar, O. (2010). Why Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Should Inform U.C.C. Article 9 Decisions. Texas Journal Of Law Review, 89(1), 207-226. Saunders, G. (1993) Accounting principles (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Scrimnger, C. C., & Musvoto, S.W. (2011). The Accounting Concept of Measurement And The Thin Line Between Representational Measurement Theory And The Classical Theory of Measurement. Journal of International Business and Economics Research, 10(5), 59-68.

The Dollar Sign ($) and Underscore (_) in JavaScript

The  dollar sign ($)  and the  underscore  (_) characters are JavaScript identifiers, which just means that they identify an object in the same way a name would.  The  objects they identify include things such as variables, functions, properties, events, and objects. For this reason, these characters are not treated  the same way as other special symbols. Instead, JavaScript treats  $  and  _  as if they were  letters of the alphabet. A JavaScript identifier  Ã¢â‚¬â€ again, just a name for any object  Ã¢â‚¬â€ must start with a lower or upper case letter, underscore (_), or dollar sign ($); subsequent characters can also include digits (0-9).  Anywhere that an alphabetic character is allowed in JavaScript, 54 possible letters are available: any lowercase letter (a through z), any uppercase letter (A through Z), $ and _. The Dollar ($) Identifier The dollar sign is commonly used as a shortcut to the function document.getElementById(). Because this function is fairly verbose and used frequently in JavaScript, the $ has long been used as its alias, and  many of the libraries available for use with JavaScript create a  $()  function that references an element from the DOM if you pass it the id of that element. There is nothing about $ that requires it to be used this way, however. But it has been the convention, although there is nothing in the language to enforce it. The dollar sign $ was chosen for the function name by the first of these libraries because it is a short one-character word, and $  was least likely to be used by itself as a function name and therefore the least likely to clash with other code in the page. Now multiple libraries are providing their own version of the $() function, so many now provide the option to turn off that definition in order to avoid clashes.   Of course,  you dont need to use a library to be able to use $(). All you need to substitute $() for document.getElementById() is to add a definition of the $() function to your code as follows: function $(x) {return document.getElementById(x);} The Underscore _ Identifier   A convention has also developed regarding the use of _, which is frequently used to preface the name of an objects property or method that is private. This is a quick and easy way to immediately identify a private class member, and it is so widely used, that almost every programmer will recognize it. This is particularly useful in JavaScript since defining fields as private or public is done without the use of the  private and public keywords (at least this is true in the versions of JavaScript used in web browsers — JavaScript 2.0 does allow these keywords). Note that again, as with $, the use of _ is merely a convention and is not enforced by JavaScript itself. As far as JavaScript is concerned, $ and _ are just ordinary letters of the alphabet. Of course, this special treatment of $ and _  applies only within JavaScript itself. When you test for alphabetic characters in the data, they are treated as special characters no different from any of the other special characters.

An Analysis Of Robert Browning s Poetry - 2033 Words

Robert Browning’s poetry contains many different themes, but they all have one thing in common, social class. Social class defines the way women are treated in his poems. The women who have a lower social status are treated with respect and love, they are treated as an equal to the man. Women with a higher social status tend to be treated worse than those with lower statuses; they are treated as if they are an object to possess and control. Social status determines the outcome of the women in the poems and the way they are treated. In Robert Browning s poetry, the role of women is dependent on her social status, as shown in Love Among the Ruins, Meeting at Night, Porphyria s Lover, and My Last Duchess. â€Å"Love Among the Ruins† demonstrates the role women play when they are of a lower social class, they are treated better by the men they love, as well as respected more. In â€Å"Love Among the Ruins,† the woman’s lover travels through the ruins of an old ancient city to reach the woman. The woman’s appearance is never described only compared to the beauty of the ruins. The man in the story views her as someone who is so beautiful and devoted to him, that he would give everything that is material up, just for her. Her love and devotion is the best thing that has ever happened to him (Delaney 2336). The woman in the story is not from a high social status, while her social class is never stated, it is implied that she is part of the lower social class. The woman is treatedShow MoreRelated Analysis of Two In The Campagna by Robert Browning Essay1423 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Two In The Campagna by Robert Browning Two In The Campagna is essentially a love poem, written by Browning to capture the tragic and dark aspects of a relationship. The poem commences with romantic images of the couple sitting in the fields of Rome in spring. 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It was hisRead MoreSummary Of My Last Duchess By Robert Browning1164 Words   |  5 PagesProfessor Newberry 13 February 2017 A Reader’s Guide to Robert Browning â€Å"My Last Duchess† Title and Author Robert browning was born on May 7,1817 in Camberwell, England. To and accomplished pianist and a bank clerk. It is said by the age of five he was already proficient of writing and reading. At the age of twelve he wrote a volume of Byronic verse entitled Incondita, which his parents attempted to have published. By thirteen birthday Browning had received the rest of Shelly’s work, and declared himselfRead MoreMeeting at Night Intrinsic Analysis3154 Words   |  13 Pages1.1 Background of the Study Poetry is an expression of the writer and expressed in to the sentences that have many meaning and sometimes the words did not have real meaning. 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With the usage of end rhyme, alliteration and repetition, vivid description, coordination and personification, the poem creates aesthetic pleasure and shows the joys and fears of the characters. Key words: love, meeting, night, joys, fears â…  . Brief account of the author Robert Browning (1812-1889) is notedRead MoreJohn Donne : A Medieval Man But A Metaphysical Poet2279 Words   |  10 Pagesmetaphysical poetry. While there are other well-known writers who made this style of poetry popular, Donne is by far the most discussed and most analyzed. The term metaphysical developed from John Dryden describing Donne’s work as â€Å"[affecting] the metaphysics, not only in his satires, but in his amorous verses, where nature should only reign†(Dryden). 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Poetry Analysis: An Unknown Girl- Moniza  Alvi. 28May In the evening bazaar Studded with neon An unknown girl Is hennaing my hand She squeezes a wet brown line Form a nozzle She is icing my hand, Which she steadies with her On her satin peach knee. In the evening bazaar For a few rupees An unknown girl is hennaing my hand As a little air catches My shadow stitched kameez A peacock spreads its lines Across my palm.

Management and Organizational Structure - 1043 Words

Organizational Structures Ahmed Bassyouni University of Phoenix Sep 28, 2010 William Noble Some organizational theories could explain the Enron’s failure. Looking at the organizational structure and management of Enron, The structures were flat before the bureaucratic structure developed, then the bureaucratic structures developed in order to increase control. There were vertical structures where there was high level of control and according to theories the organizational circle is moving back to flat structure. In Enron Corporation, internally it had such a highly decentralized financial control and decision making structure that made it impossible to get a clear view on the corporations operations and activities. Along with a†¦show more content†¦This was a fertile environment for corruption. There should be shared reliability for success of a business, however, in Enron because of conflict of interest there was no shared reliability. Even the external auditor, Arthur Andersen had a conflict of interest. Currently, most organization believes in the human relations movement. This is a form of management that gives importance to individuals and their unique capabilities in the organization. Each person is unique and her input should be considered as valuable. However, in Enron, the suggestions and objections of hundreds of accountants and finance personnel were turned down abruptly, the employees that objected were abused and their voices suppressed. Those that were persistent with their objections to shady financial accounting practices were even threatened with dire consequences. Since there was no matching between the inputs of the employees and that of the company, the situation was ready for failure. From another perspective management in business and organization is to get people together to achieve the desired goals and objectives. In case of Enron, the goals and objectives would have referred to the legitimate business objectives of the firm. However, in case of Enron the objectives and goals of the company were to hide large debts, billions of dollars losses, and instead show large profits. Each function of management namely, planning, organizing,Show MoreRelatedOrganizational Structure And Management Process Essay1630 Words   |  7 Pagesaspects of any organization is its structure and its management process. The success of any firm is directly related to how well it is organized and how effective it s managed. Organizational structure and management processes are interrelated and they provide a gauge as to how effective an overall business strategy is implemented. The measure of success in any business is how effectively it can compete in finding new opportunities and having the internal structure necessary to compete in differentRead MoreOrganizational Structure, Culture, Management And The Leadership1536 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction The aim of the report is to observe and analyse how organisational structure, culture, management and the leadership are helping to function effectively and achieve the organisational goals. I will try to apply as many different theories as possible to support the report. 2. Background of Burberry Burberry is a British luxury fashion brand that was founded in 1896 by Thomas Burberry, after which the company was named and has lived ever since to date. 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Organizational structure Organizational structure is the framework in which a group is organized to function and reach the goals set by the organization. More specifically, â€Å"structure describes how members are accepted, leadership is chosen, and how decisions are made† (University of Kansas, 2016). In addition, an organizational structure

Leading Organizational Changes Samples for Students -Myassignment

Questions: 1.Develop at least Six Realistic Assumptions that you can add to the Issues and Problems Expressed. 2.In reference to the Classic article by Larry Greiner (Reading 10), Explain what is happening between growth and Change in BTS.3.How does the Problem Statement for BTS resemble what Gersick Indicates about a Systems Deep Structure?4.In reference to the article by Dailey and Browning Explain how and why Narratives and Storytelling was useful to the Company.5.Refer to Chapter 6 of Hayes (2014) under the heading Collaborative Modes of Intervening. Discuss which Modes might Change Agents in BTS use and Why?6.Given the Typology of Organisational, which typology may best Describe the approach that BTS Might Adopt and Why? Answers: 1.Development of realistic assumptions The developments of the realistic assumptions are as follows: Management- From the given case study, it could be assumed that, BTS lacks efficient management. Since the company is a 60 years old company, hence, it is largely owned mainly by the family, and thus, have a centralized decision making structure (Armenakis and Harris 2009). This management is rigid and is not flexible to accept much change in the organization. Change process- While few changes have been experienced by the organization the changes have been evolutionary, which came through incremental process. However, the company has not undergone drastic change (Burnes 2004). Managerial information system- BTS lacks an efficient and robust database. The lack of robustness results in lack of improvement with the pace of the rest of the world. 2.Relation between changes in BTS and growth Technology- The case study highlights the fact that, the workers are comfortable enough in working with the same old technology, without much need for up gradation. Thus, there is almost no modernization of technology in BTS. The article by Greiner highlights the position of the growing organization and is of the opinion that a growing company moves through five phases of development. The evolution and revolution of the company is dependent on the size of the company. BTS is not a very large company. It is a medium sized company, having a history of 60 years and a very rigid board. The growth of the company has been a slow one, since the company has not changed much in the past few years. The company has been adhering to the policies laid by the founder George, and does not wish to accept revolutionary changes. The various stages of evolution of the company BTS is dependent on the size and age of the company (Greiner 1972). Most of the companies having a steady growth does not expand for two years. The stages of revolution include substantial periods of turbulence. It is to be highlighted that BTS is having steady growth since it has ever faced any crisis. One of the major crises that is faced by the orga nizations, which hinders the growth of a company is leadership style (Hayes 2014). However, BTS has never faced such crisis. This is because, George and his son has been leading the company and its employees, in a particular leadership style. However, with new generation having MBA from Australia has been recruited in the company, thus, bring in changes in the leadership styles (Please see Appendix 1). The changes in the leadership style bring in changes in the perception of the new leaders. However, the company and its employees do not welcome the new perspectives. When the company was started, it was well managed by George and there were no issues regarding the leadership styles (Malhotra and Hinings 2015). However, with the grand children taken over, significant leadership changes have been witnessed. These new leaders have different perceptions and they have been trying to give the company a new direction. Hence, BTS have been facing the issues of leadership (Please see Appendix 2). Moreover, the assumption that the database lacks robustness could be mitigated using a change in technology, that would upgrade the technology of the database. This article by Malhotra and Hinings (2015), has a different opinion. This article highlights the fact that organizational changes are initiated out of organizational crisis. According to Malhotra and Hinings (2015), change is a continuous process and it needs to be managed continuously, by the managers and leaders. The appendix 3 highlights the process of continuity and changes. The new leadership style highlights the fact that changes are inevitable and the necessary changes in the process of work and working style needs to be done, as and when required (Malhotra and Hinings 2015). According to the figure 3, appendix 3, the case of BTS is proposing very high gravity of initiatives. As mentioned in the case study, the new generation leaders Tommy and Khadija wishes to bring about revolutionary changes in the organization. however they are inclined towards using the awareness blocking model, rather than the use of the awareness building model (Murray 2012). Since BTS do not have an e fficient MIS, hence the required changes needs to be communicated to the board members. The contrast between the articles by Malhotra and Greiner is the difference in the organizational growth. The article by Greiner highlights the fact that organizational changes are caused by evolution and revolutional changes Malhotra and Hinings (2015). However, the article by Malhotra suggests that organizational changes are caused form the organizational crisis. 3.Resemblance of problem statement of BTS and systems deep structure Gersick 1991, highlights the resemblance between the problem statement of BTS and the deep structure. The deep structure is one of the fundamental structures that determine the basic acidity of the organizations. This structure is one of the most stable structures since the choices made by the organization, rules out many other options. The board of BTS falls under the deep structure, since it has been working in a stable manner, and has not faced crisis (Y?lmaz and K?l?o?lu 2013). The deep structure is closely related to the drivers of change. in drivers of changes include the worldwide reduction of the barriers of investments, along with the market liberalization and adoption (Dailey and Browning 2014). The drivers of change in case of BTS includes the turbulent environment, organizational capability, smaller flexible companies, high skill of the workforces, new service industries, deregulation, advances in the technology (Tushman and OReilly 1996). One of the major drivers of chan ge in BTS is the turbulent environment. The work environment of BTS is in demand of revolutionary changes. This is a major driver of change in BTS. Moreover, highly skilled workforces in BTS prefer change in the organization, such that they are able to exhibit their innovation, might be a major driver of change. Since the company BTS has been taken over by the new and able leaders, they could conduct PESTEL analysis to determine the external forces that affects the organization, along with the SWOT analysis, in order to find the internal factors that affects the company. The conduction of PESTEL and SWOT would assist the new leaders to identify drivers of changes, other than the other mentioned ones. Though the changes are important and inevitable, yet some dilemmas are encountered. These include the renewal of culture, the intentional planning verses the adaptive thinking, radical transformation, empowerment as well as incremental changes. The cultural dilemma is faced, since BTS have been working in a particular culture for 60 years, which needs to be changed suddenly. Moreover, the process of adaptive thinking is opposite to that of the deep structure (Stoltzfus et al. 2011). The boards of BTS is a believer of the deep structure and hence not open to adaptive thinking. Along with these cultural dilemmas, the cognitive bias is also a factor, that does not welcome new changes. The members of the board are biased and are not open to accept the ideas of Tommy and his sister (Vaara et al. 2016). There is a great resemblance in the problem statement of BTS and the deep structure. Both of these abide by the old methods and traditions of the organization. The old and conventional meth ods are strict enough and are contradictory to the outlook of the new leaders Tommy and Khadija. Moreover, as the grandchildren tries to introduce the new culture, the board members are not ready to accept the changes. Moreover, the deep structure described by Gersick is similar to the problem that exists in BTS. The similarity among the two strengthens the fact that the board members of BTS is rigid and not ready to accept the changes. 4.Usefulness of narrative and storytelling to the company The article by Dailey and Browning sheds light on the significance of narrative and storytelling. The process of narrative and storytelling is important for business organizations. The organizational changes and the practices need to be communicated to the new generations of the organization (Waddell et al. 2011). The significant milestones of the company along with the important events of the past, that had a major impact on the organization is done in storytelling and narrative. The process of narrative and storytelling is applied in BTS and the tradition of the company is moved down to the next generations. The process of narrative and storing telling has a significant role to play in the company BTS. The style of management and leadership that is taken up by the new leaders includes the various important features that were there previously. Modjo retained the basic principles followed by George such as the organizational values, rewards to the employees, sick leaves given to the employees (Waddell et al. 2011). This was as a result of narrative story telling. Thus, narrative and storytelling is effective in BTS. However, as Tommy and Khadija came in picture, the narrative and storytelling had a break. This is because they preferred a revolutionary change in BTS rather than adhering to the old ways of work. The narrative and storytelling is important since the value, mission and vision of the founder is retained. However, while the narrative and storytelling is good for evolutionary changes, the revolutionary changes could not be facilitated. The various forms of narrative and storytelling that are useful in case of BTS are as follows: Gaining control of the behavior and patterns are obtained (Harper 2015). The resistance could be overcome by using narrative. Thus, narrative and storytelling has an essential role to play in the organizational changes. Thus, narrative and storytelling is essential and the process needs to be retained in BTS (Waddell et al. 2011). 5.Modes that might change agents in BTS Collaborative modes of intervening refer to the joint methods and collaboration among the employees, in order to bring in significant change in the organization. The change agents assist the work with the clients to help them to develop opportunities. However, various factors might contribute to becoming a barrier in this process. Emotional turmoil such as anger and stress might also act as a barrier. The board members did not welcome the changes that were being initiated by Tommy and Khadija in BTS. Both of them were being welcomed with resistance to the organizational changes that they initiated. The modes that might change agents in the company BTS could be explained using the Theorizing approach. This approach involves the change agents by identification of the theories and concepts that assists the people to identify the needs for the changes (Tushman and OReilly 1996). The mode of intervening could be used to convince the board members to accept the change, by making them under stand the necessity of the changes. The concept of theorizing could be used to make the board members understand the need of the changes that were being introduced by Tommy and Khadija. In the theorizing method, the board members are presented with a theory, that assists them to understand the problem as well as plan remedial actions (Harper 2015). Since both Tommy and Khadija were highly educated, hence they had already analyzed the SWOT and PESTEL of BTS, and based on the analysis, they were proposing the changes (Tushman and OReilly 1996). Devised with the analysis of the factors that affects the organization most, the grandchildren had proposed for the necessary changes for BTS (Harper 2015). However, the board members were believers of deep structures and were not being convinced to accept the changes brought in by Tommy and Khadija. Thus, the revolutionary changes that were planned by the grandchildren were retarded, thus hampering the production and organizational progress. 6.Typology that is best suited in BTS The process of reorientation includes redefinition of the business organization. This process is initiated with the anticipation of the future. The aim of the process of reorientations is to ensure the effective future of the organization. In case of BTS, the theory of reorientation could be used, to bring in the changes in BTS. With the combination of the two dimensions of changes, organizational typology of change could be designed. The process of reorientation could be used effectively in order to bring in the organizational changes. The process of reorientation involves the changes in the organizational process, and alignment with the new changes (Tushman and OReilly 1996). Using this in BTS, might be successful in bringing in the new changes successfully. Moreover, Tommy and Khadija could be successful in convincing the members of the board, to understand the need for the proposed changes, and accept it. Hence, the reorientation typology is best suited for BTS. With the process of reorientation, the board members could be reoriented to accept the changes, by understanding the effective of the changes for the benefit of the organization (Harper 2015). The reorientation typology is best suited for the BTS Company, as the members, processes and the basic organizational culture needs to be reoriented to match the leadership of the new leaders, Tommy and Khadija. Hence, this typology is successfully recommended for BTS (Tushman and OReilly 1996). Thus, to conclude it might be stated that BTS is in need of organizational changes, which would enhance the organizational production and procedure, along with achievement of customer satisfaction. Tommy and Khadija, the grandchildren of the founder George, were initiating the changes. Thought the changes are beneficial for the company, yet the board members against the revolutionary change that was being initiated by the grandchildren. Thus, organizational changes are inevitable; to keep pace with the progress of the world, and for BTS also, change cannot be resisted. References Armenakis, A.A. Harris, S. G. (2009), Reflections: Our journey in organizational change research and practice. 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