Are trauma centres best practice for the UK Essay

Are detriment centres best practice for the UK - Essay ExampleA look at the figures spent by NHS on treating injuries related to trauma is convincing enough to deliver one realise the importance of an effective trauma management, with efforts to also locate the source of these injuries (like speed driving), and effectively put a stop to them. Since road trauma is one of the major causes of death, it is also necessary for the governing body to take initiatives where road accidents can be reduced. During the late eighties specialists from the magnificent College of Surgeons UK, had highlighted the fact that there atomic number 18 major flaws in the management of patients with serious injuries, and ineffective handling of the entire situation often leads to some untimely deaths, that are completely avoidable in nature. My article will examine the current conditions of trauma management and the services offered to patients in trauma within UK, and to as authorized the importance o f the trauma services in this country, with main emphases on the transportation of patients using ambulance services (pre-hospital care). Are trauma centres best practices for the UK? 1 admittance 1.1 Background history Severe injuries, resulting from accidents like a car crash or after locomote from great heights, are one of the most common causes of death amongst the UK youth. The chances of surviving the fatal accident, later followed by a complete recovery are dependent on the trauma care that the patient receives at one time after the mishap, and in the few following weeks, as he recuperates. In England and in other part of UK, it has been observed that the most common cause of death from trauma is in case of road accidents. At an average count it has been estimated that annually there nearly 20,000 reported cases of severe trauma in England that results in an estimated 5,400 deaths, while many of the survivors suffer from long term disabilities, a majority of which are per manent in nature, thus demanding provisions for long-term care facilities (National Audit Office, 2010, 4). The term trauma can be summarily defined as physical injury caused by events such as road traffic accidents, falls, explosions, shootings, or stabbings. The term major trauma is therefore used to describe multiple injuries involving different tissues and organ systems that are, or have the potential to be, life threatening. injury patients require specialist care from a multidisciplinary group of professionals (The Royal College of Surgeons of England, 2007, 1). Death from major trauma (from severe multiple injuries) is a major cause in UK with nigh 16000 dying in England and Wales alone each year (ibid). According to NHS Choice the term Major Trauma may be defined as comprising of multiple, serious injuries that could result in disability or death. These mogul include serious head injuries, severe gunshot wounds or road traffic accidents (NHS Clinical informatory Groups R eport, 2010, 5). In scientific terms Major Trauma is exemplified with the use of Injury Severity Score (ISS), which gives certain values to injuries in different parts of the body and totals

O.J. Simpson Crime Scene Evidence Research Paper

O.J. Simpson Crime Scene yard - Research Paper Example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 A. Accusations of Evidence Tampering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 6 B. Police tenderness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 C. Cross-contamination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 D. Bloody Fingerprint on the Door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 IV. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 V. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Abstract A celebrity case like that of the O. J. Simpson twin murders case draws a lot of media attention. The disclose of race had in addition been injected into the case trial because of claims of racist behavior from some police officers of the Los Angeles Police discussion section (LAPD) and one of them was Mark Fuhrman who happened to be also the first among the police officers to arrive on the crime scene. When racism becomes an issue, there is the motivation and the suspicion that an investigator like Fuhrman could not be above planting or tampering with grounds especially if it concerns on his behavior towards blacks and inter-racial unions. If the prosecution lost the case, then they have all themselves to blame for it. thither were a lot of mistakes made when they did the initial investigation and even during the trial right some officers were found to be perjured. In addition to accusations of racial biases and evidence tampering, inexperienced police officers were appoint to the case from the collection of samples up to the examination of blood samples which kept turning up as evidence even days and weeks into the investigation. There were many instances of cross-contamination also between the crime scene and the residence of Simpson that was initially not considered as possible crime scene. The failure to get the seemly search warrant also invalidated much of the evidence that was gathered. A very crucial piece of evidence like a bloody fingerprint, containing the fingerprint of the probable killer and the DNA itself, were not utilized by the prosecution to the fullest end as a strong corroborative and direct evidence. Keywords blood, DNA, Fuhrman, fingerprint, glove, samples, Simpson LAW O. J. Simpson Crime Scene Evidence unveiling Todays societies are often engulfed in a wave of crimes, both property and index crimes that people are rightly afraid for their safety and security. There comes sometimes a crime that is quite unique because of the dowry and personalities involved. This specially if the crime involves famous personalities such that the public is enthralled and mesmerized by sort of media carnival and details of the crime are often obscured. The media can turn crime reporting into a benignant of entertainment in the pursuit of a good story. The story then becomes a good give for society gossip and diverts the true objective of a crime scene investigation which is to catch the criminal. There is also a long-accepted principle in jurisprudence that flight is indicative of guilt. This is certainly true in most cases where the suspected criminal becomes a fugitive in trying to stay ahead of the lace of law. However, it is also not entirely impossible that a person who can be initially considered ingenuous takes to flight out of confusion, fear or simply panic on not knowing what proper courses of action to take. A good crime investigation takes not only the

Mercy Killing or Just Killing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Mercy Killing or Just Killing - Essay ExampleProponents for euthanasia admit passionately defended their position for accepting and adopting its practice. World people are facing ever-growing moral dilemmas. With the advancements in the aesculapian field also come new procedures as well as easier ways to deal with problems. A popular moral dilemma that comes to mind is abortion. Now many people are against abortion for religious reasons. Moreover, just like abortion, many consider assisted suicide as murder. However, it is both ridiculous and contrary to argue on whether assisted suicide should be legal.When I was young, my Oma (grandmother) was diagnosed with Alzheimers disease. For years, she lingered in the home as her mind slowly decayed over time. First, she could non remember how to speak English. She would be talking and vivify to her childhood language at random points. Therefore, she would say a 10-word sentence and a half of it would be spoken in English. Next came the hard memory, she would forget simple tasks and could not be left on her own. She would forget the location of the bathroom was in her own home. Next was perhaps the hardest to deal with, she forgot our names. First came far relatives but finally, she could not remember my moms name, her own daughter. Lastly, she forgot how to do pretty much anything she could not button shirts, she could not even move at all. When she was in the home, she got bedsores from lack of movement. Moreover, she could not get up to go to the bathroom. Now, this is obviously horrible but the worst was the few outcomes where she had a small amount of limpidity where 2 seconds here 3 seconds there she would remember how to talk. I recall one such moment when she simply said to my mom who was visiting her in the home, she simply said, help me. I remember how it depressed my mother and crushed me.Now everyone has his or her own religion and personal belief but I will now ask you a very philosophical question .

Family of murdered schoolgirl meets UK gov't Article

Family of off schoolgirl meets UK govt - Article ExampleThe report revealed that Dowler family members of a murdered 13-year old girl named Milly Dowler in 2002 met with Britains Deputy Prime Minister, Nick Clegg, and was demanding the resignation of News Internationals school principal executive, Rebekah Brooks, who was spearheading the report of the incident during that time. The gist of the report indicates that the crap exploded last week when it was reported that the newspaper had hacked the phone of the 13-year-old murder victim in 2002 -- even as her family were frantic all in ally searching for her. The tabloids operatives reportedly deleted nigh messages from the phones voicemail, giving the girls p bents false hope that she was tranquillize alive. The article likewise nominated information that Brooks had no knowledge of the alleged phone hacking. The scandal paved the way for the closure of the New of the World every week paper after a remarkable 168 years span. Fu rther, the Associated Press was revealed to advise that the $19 billion negotiations currently creation forged to take full control of the British Sky Broadcasting, a satellite broadcaster, has been jeopardized by the incident. As acknowledged, Culture Secretary Jeremy Hunt, who is responsible for dealing with the proposed bid, said he would seek advice as to whether the scandal raises questions over whether News Corp. is fit and proper to hold a broadcasting license. ... news sites withstand reported the scandal and the public is entitled to be given full transp arncy to issues that touch on ethical dilemmas and corporate social responsibility. The Associated Press was cited to aver that the 80-year-old Murdoch, the News Corp. chief operating officer, has publicly backed News Internationals foreland executive, Rebekah Brooks, who led News of the World when its reporters committed some of the most egregious ethical lapses (Associated Press, 2011, par. 16). The news organizations are expected to adhere to the highest standards of adherence to ethical codes and moral discipline due to the nature of the service they provide to the public. Transparency and truth are the ultimate considerations when reporting incidents, despite the controversial natures of the events. Not only do the public expect reports to be delivered in the most objective manner, free of biases but more importantly, all personnel connected with news organizations must be committed to ethical codes of conduct and responsibility to society. there is some disagreement in terms of Murdochs public view of support for Brooks who is still being questioned and investigated in terms of full knowledge on the phone hacking incident. As the Chairman and CEO of News Corporation, Murdoch should have exercised objectivity and maintained a neutral stance while the case is being investigation. By initially publicly supporting Brooks, despite their years of business relationship as colleagues, every comprom ising outcome could add injury to the situation. Further, I agree to the need to closely evaluate the survive of according full control for Murdoch to own and operate the BSB. Crucial stakeholders such as investors and the public are more entitled to a corporate governance health-check of the board in the

Fair is Fair case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

delightful is Fair - Case Study ExampleThis is the only way through which contentment can be completed (Simmons, 20). The principle of fairness applies where both parties in a dispute perceive the verdict as having not favored any side of the argument. While justice could rest on side of the case, fairness moldiness be established with the interest of both parties in mind. Thus, although justice could stand on certain premises, which could be seen to be favoring either side of the argument, fairness stands as the middle ground between the disputing parties, ensuring that none pull up stakes perceive the other party as having benefited more from the case (Simmons, 24). Therefore, fairness goes beyond just doing justice, by ensuring that both parties to an argument are contented, no matter where the justice stands. Fairness can go against justice, for the rice beer of establishing a middle ground and creating contentment to the parties involved in a case. Therefore, fair is fair

Case summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Case thickset - Essay ExampleThe company too focuses on how their human nutrition centre will tending the consumer to understand how important improved nutrition products are for their health.The changed environment of the world now focuses on sustainability, health, nutrition, shoot a line management and economic development. Companies such as Walmart have incorporated these elements in their business and the supply chain focuses on shared cling to. Nestle has to focus on all these elements in order to keep with the expectations. Sourcing at Nestle focuses on shared value concept.Nestle has always planned ahead of time and has been genuinely innovative and socially responsible when it come to producing and sourcing. Not only has Nestle introduced products that were high in nutrition, it has also introduced products that combats certain health conditions. By working with health companies it has come up with nutraceuticals that are health foods suited for people with health co nditions like diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease etc.Neslte identified that water is a truly valuable resource of the world and it is being wasted by producers. Nestle emphasizes to make producers aware of its value so they use it wisely by improved irrigation systems and other technologies.Nestle identified that they had to contribute guts to the society because Nestle is a huge firm and they rely hugely on the ecosystem. Hence if they indue in environment sustainability and social well being, the business is going to benefit. So they adopted CSV. As a food producer, investing in environment and health of people makes business sense because this will in turn give improved quality products at the end.Nestle formed SAI platform which was later conjugated by a number of companies to produce agricultural products sustainably. Consumer preferences had changed, now consumers were willing to pay more for

Women's Involvement During Word War II Research Paper

Womens Involvement During Word state of war II - Research constitution ExampleThe importance of this lay in the immense economic and sexual changes that then gave focal point to new formations in the family and the workplace. This paper shall look at these and the role that women had to play in the Second World fight that led to the changes that have been talked of. The creation of the fictional character James Bond can be seen in the light of the wound that the pull inive masculinity of the British suffered undermentioned the Second World War. This can be seen in the hyper-masculine rhetoric that Ian Fleming employs in this series of novels where he builds up the British agent as a super-male. After the loss of colonies following the war, British soldiers returned home to find that many of their jobs had been taken up by the women who had till then been a part of the home and the family. They had, during the war, since many frontline positions had been taken up by the men, t aken up the posts of office workers that had been left vacant. This shows that the women were a part of the war that created a void in the acres where the war was not an everyday reality as it was on foreign land. This shows that the records of bravery that have been preserve regarding the war have been masculine accounts that have been made to suit the male needs of history. There atomic number 18 also accounts that say that women, especially those women who are a part of lower class backgrounds, have eer worked for a living and to supplement their familys income. In the instances of people of African American communities, it has always been the case that women have contributed a significant part to the economy of the land (The Image and Reality of Women who Worked During World War II, n.d.). Such commentators look at the recruitment of women during the Second World War as zero but a channelization of the energies that women had directed towards other fields towards that of t he war. This direction of energies towards the war resulted in an improver in the social status that was enjoyed by women and women of all races. A lot of the women were a part of the carry Corps that was instrumental in the reduction of the number of the casualties during the war. They were also sometimes a part of the legions that fought at the frontline. Apart from this, there were women who were a part of the communities that stayed at home and created items that were necessary for the victory in the war. This included those women who worked in factories so as to keep the war a well-oiled machine and also those who would collect blood and roll bandages so as to keep the work of the nurses going. This led to great improvements in the way the war was fought and was also a great morale booster for the people who were at the frontline of the war (National Womens History Museum, 2007). Despite these changes, even during the war, women were seen as secondary to the larger idea of s erving the interests of the men who were at the forefront of the war. They were mostly paid lesser wages than the men and they were also viewed with a great distinguish of suspicion. This can be seen from the fact that they were not a significant part of the trade unions that came up following the war. They were also laid off by many employers or were forced to work at lesser wages than the men who returned from the war. This was very different from the attitudes that were adopted by the people who had employed them when there was an discerning shortage of labor in the industries. What the women felt following the euphoria of the victory of the war was a moxie of betrayal

Strategic Marketing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic market Management - Essay ExampleStrategic merchandise envision is appropriately observed as a continuous process as this assists the particular organization to tell apart the objectives that it aims to attain. In this context, it is important to be famous that the objectives of any organization cannot remain the same throughout and need to be changed according to the alterations in the logical argument environment. In this period of ever changing business environment, exclusively a strait-laced strategic marketing innovation can help an organization sustain.Strategic Marketing Planning in the Sports SectorThe chromosomal mutation industriousness has started to acknowledge the worth and the need of a suitable plan of strategic marketing. There confound been little occurrences regarding the sex actship that is said to exist among the performances and a proper marketing plan in relation to an organization. However, there has been conflict between numerous resea rchers of sports about the fact that unless enhancements are made in the actions of a strategic marketing plan, it would not be possible for the sports industry to persist to live on in an environment that is so competitive (Shoham & Kahle, 1996).The process for designing a proper strategic marketing plan with regard to the sports industry is proposed below.... In this context, it is important to be noted that the objectives of any organization cannot remain the same throughout and needs to be changed according to the alterations in the business environment. In this period of ever changing business environment, only a proper strategic marketing plan can help an organization sustain. Strategic Marketing Planning in the Sports Sector The sport industry has started to acknowledge the worth and the need of a proper plan of strategic marketing. There have been little facts regarding the relationship that is said to exist among the performances and a proper marketing plan in relation to a n organization. However, there has been conflict between numerous researchers of sports about the fact that unless enhancements are made in the actions of a strategic marketing plan, it would not be possible for the sports industry to persist to live on in an environment that is so competitive (Shoham & Kahle, 1996). The process for designing a proper strategic marketing plan with regard to the sports industry is proposed below. The steps that are included in the proposed structure are based on the studies of Shilbury & Et. Al. (1998), Kotler (1997), McDonald (1999) and Lancaster & Massingham (1996) 1. Ascertaining the mission statement of the organization 2. The corporate objectives associated with the particular organization should be laid down 3. Analyzing the environment of the market To prize the external market environment where the organization competes that is the outside forces and the competitive market among others To evaluate the inner environment of the organization th at is the financial capabilities of the particular organization, marketing, and manufacturing among others 4. Performing a SWOT

Expert Testimony Reliability Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Expert affirmation Reliability - Case Study ExampleIncompetent dependables in criminal cases might be to a greater extent unseasonedsworthy, but surveyors in civil courts face the same pressures. Last year, Geoffrey Wright, of EA Shaw, and I discussed the important role that expert witnesses yield to play in dispute resolution (EG 23 July 2005, p90). The General Medical Council had just held that the deduction given by Professor Sir Roy Meadow at the criminal trial of Sally Clarke was nave, grossly misleading, incompetent and careless. He was found guilty of serious professional misconduct and stripped of his attest to practice. On 17 February, Collins J ruled that Professor Meadow had acted honestly and in unspoiled faith see Meadows v General Medical Council 2006 EWHC 146 (Admin) 2006 09 EG 182 (CS). The appeal was allowed on the basis that his conduct should not have exposed him to such a sanction. In the same week, Lord Goldsmith, the attorney general, announced new measur es designed to ensure that expert witnesses in criminal trials give their objective opinion only and do not act as advocates. Expert witnesses get out have to reveal all of their evidence, and its source, to investigating police. They will also have to declare anything that might adversely affect their credibility or competence as an expert witness and must not give expert opinion beyond their area of expertness. In contrast to a liberal admissibility view, Paul Milich maintains that the jurys obvious limitations in evaluating complex scientific disputes cannot be overcome by the mythically powerful tools of cross-examination and closing argument. 2 He suggests that it may be over-hasty to assume that an adversarial legal proceeding will succeed in enabling a jury to understand scientific certification satisfactorily. harmonize to Mulch, when jurors are presented with complex scientific issues, they might choose to ignore these issues and make a decision establish on other factor s, such as an experts physical appearance and his/her demeanor. Mulchs argument seems plausible because jurors might have to resort to this alternative if they really do not understand the proffered testimony. Since judges and juries do not divvy up a common base of experience with an expert witness on the specialized matters being discussed in his/her testimony, they can have a difficult time probing into and evaluating the experts reasoning and opinions. The accessibility of proffered claims can deviate greatly depending on a number of factors, some of which were mentioned previously. The subject matter of some expert testimony can be inherently confusing, if not unintelligible, to laypersons. To return to a point made before, one

The wealth and poverty of nations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The wealth and poverty of nations - Essay ExampleThe treaty was signed in the mid-1990s, and is generally considered to be a big success. Treaty of Versailles This was the treaty that ended the First World War. It oblige the costs of the war on Germany. Some believe that the punitive nature of the treaty led to the cooperate World War. Hitler was able to exploit the negative effects of the treaty on Germans in order to pass off to power. The rest is history. Scramble for Africa This occurred at the end of the 1800s. At the time, much of Africa was undiscovered by Europeans. European nations wanted colonies and they sought to grab as much African land as they could. Sometimes this was done with negotiations and sometimes through violence. Great Depression This was a terrible time in world history. It occurred in 1929, when the stock market crashed. It led to widespread job losses around the world and rapid inflation. The problems caused by the Great Depression were only really re solved with the coming of World War II and the greater productivity engendered by this conflict. Landes view of winners and loser According to Landes, some countries produce won the jackpot and others have not. So many factors effect the distribution of wealth and resources around the world. Some of these are based on climate. Others on cultural issues.

Evaluate the relevance of cross-cultural theories in explaining how to Assignment

Evaluate the relevance of cross- pagan theories in explaining how to manage companies in different countries - Assignment ExampleThis, in itself, puts the workforce and the circumspection in a multi ethnic stance. Universalism as a general theory might help blend the purification and improve performance, while on the other hand it does not take into account the essential differences in cultures and particularism has to be followed (Alexandria, VA, 2008). It is pertinent to understand that while fortuneting up a global mind set is productive, not all human resource strategies will fit every culture and situation, hence the read for adaptability (HRMagazine, 2008).Sensitive factors like religion and gender often define whether the host culture is neutral or emotional. Recognizing this has significant advantage in terms of control over the business and workforce itself. For example, ignoring a religious taboo might result in a strong setback for the company if the relevance of cultu ral differences is ignored (Himmelberg, Michele, 1998).Language barrier, the most common issue, is crucial and requires new communication skills to be dealt with (Carter, L, 2005). When a natural language franca does not already exist, it might be useful to train the local workforce in an outside(a) language (Feingold, Jean, 2006) but training the management in the vernacular has its key advantages including elimination of redundancy, direct management and easy understanding of the culture (Carter, L, 2005).These key theories are relevant most of the time even in the internet age, but when companies approach different cultures not only to utilize the workforce but in any case for marketing, the cultural dimensions take a more significant role. Cultural dimensions such as perceptions of justice, power distance and individualism define the employee behavior resulting in direct influence on turnover and other outcomes immediately affecting the companys ability in the competitive m arket (Kim et al, 2007, p. 104, 83-95). According to opposing studies, the cultural

English Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

incline Assignment - Essay ExampleSometimes, only dancing in front of the mirror when no tree trunk else is observance me helps me know myself more. I am surprised at the ideas on different ways to move my body that I cut they unveil hidden portions of my personality that I only get to see slice I dancing. Although it takes energy to dance, yet it is ironical that dance instills energy in me and I experience energized. maculation I move my body, it automatically occurs to me to life my eyebrows up or curl my lips into a smile that goes faultless with the moves I take. Dance holds measure out for me as it helps relieve tension and anxiety and alleviates clime. I dance broadly speaking at too situations one, when I am extremely happy, and the other, when I am extremely sad. When I am happy, it helps me retain the happiness, and when I am sad, it helps me shed remote the sadness and forget my sorrows. More importantly, I subroutine dance as a physical exercise. I am too la zy to follow a tough workout routine or to jog every(prenominal) day, so I dance. I butterfly songs at the stereo system and dance on them at least for half an hour every day. It helps me cut off calories and restore energy at the same time. It is a wonderful exercise because it does not feel like a liability when you are running or jogging. Doing exercise through dance is genuinely fun it is like being in a party and dancing like crazy. While it does burn a lot of calories, one does not feel exhausted or feel like prominent up while the exercise is on. The value dance holds for an individual depends to a large extent on how one understands it. Some people are just too dry and serious to understand the value of dance. To them, to dance might be like being a clown. People that enjoy dancing and get benefits out of it like me do place a lot of value in dance. I have been interested in the Indian classical dance since my childhood. That is so different from the conventional wester n dance. I think Indian classical dance embeds a lot of aspects of the Indian culture. I see a lot of difference in the classical dance performed by the Indian men and Indian women. It is, to slightly extent, an expression of the gender roles in the society. I tried to learn Indian classical dance in a school in my childhood, but it was not as easy as I had presumed it to be. They danced it at Tabla, the popular musical instrument. Being a western, it was very difficult for me to learn the Indian classical dance. I think it takes a fair understanding of a culture to learn the way people of that culture dance. I dance spontaneously depending upon the song. It mostly takes me a fast track to get me in the mood to dance. I have danced on disco and pop songs on the birthday parties of my friends. I have estimable both dancing simply and dancing socially. I am more comfortable dancing alone than dancing socially. The major reason I see behind this is that I have not learnt dance at so me institution successfully and thus am not a very sizable dancer. When I dance socially, I have this feeling that I am being watched by others. It occurs to me not to dance than dance badly, so I dance very less publicly. However, when everybody is dancing and in that respect is not much watching around, I also do my bit, like at the birthday parties of my friends. When I am in the mood of dancing and I am alone, I tend to make sure that there is nobody else watching. I even draw the curtains of my windows down to make sure that nobody far away gets a glimpse. I dance alone in absolute privacy. When I dance

American health care since 1994 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American health care since 1994 - Essay ExampleThese efforts take on thwarted efforts to fulfill affordable, effective and accessible healthcare for Americans.In the last fifteen years, the cost of American healthcare has change magnitude by more than two times with the yearly growth rate being over retroflex that of inflation. The costs have become a burden to the federal government, businesses, as easy as families. Employers have had to cut back on their expenditure on healthcare so as to remain rivalrous against international companies that do not have such costs. Fewer companies are offering health benefits forcing individuals to cheek for coverage in the highly unregulated private market. This has affected Americans productive capacity as well as the countrys fiscal health. While there are varied reasons for the rising costs, the join on is attributable to excess costs of the countrys healthcare system and the underlying inefficiencies.In addition, the enactment of peop le who do not have sufficient insurance coverage or even either coverage at all has been increasing. It is noteworthy that the uninsured end up getting healthcare in an extremely costly way, thereby increasing the premiums of those with medical insurance. Unfortunately, this has not translated into quality healthcare or modify outcomes. These aspects underline the importance of pushing forward with the reforms.The American healthcare has been on its knees for quite some time. This calls for large reforms to enhance the delivery and quality of healthcare, provide accessible, comprehensive and affordable health insurance and reform stipend so as to reward

How Statistics has affected my daily life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

How Statistics has affected my day-after-day life - Essay ExampleIn addition, with the increasing number of volume around the world suffering from meat diseases caused by cholesterol and sedentary lifestyle, I am likewise inclined to avoid some food and increase my activities. For example, when I read that even young community are suffering heart attacks and worse, they are also dying from it, I made it a orient not to be counted in the statistics. Therefore, I further researched on the kinds of food that can cause heart attack and I try to avoid them. I also increased my food intake of those which attend to my heart work better to improve the flow of blood in my system. Furthermore, I exercise daily and this activity also includes a lot of statistical information. For example, when I jog, I have to complete a certain number of mileages to see if my strength and stamina are improving. To reach out sure that I impart be in the best of health while I am physically active, I ma ke sure that I am well-hydrated, gulping at least 2 liters of water during my entire workout. number have an interesting way of affecting my mind and decisions everyday and I am thankful nearly

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

barf Management - Essay ExampleThe provided compendium critically assesses the most important issues of the project especially in the planning and development phase and the itinerary they should be onward motioned and dealt. The general pep upations include 1. Developing a detailed project documentation especially in the areas of the specification and the expected quality for the product deliverables 2. Developing detailed risk mitigation strategies especially for mitigating the implicit in(p) risks and 3. Developing a specific communication and reporting procedures which will ease the coordination of the activities and will favour betting reaction in risky situations Table of Contents travail stage setting 3 Project creation and Strategy 4 Project Scope 5 Project team and structure 7 Project management plan 8 Project schedule 10 Project budget 13 Project control and monitoring 13 Outline project risk register 15 Conclusion and Recommendations 16 References and Bibliography 17 List of Tables Table 1 Training Themes Table 2.Project Cost Table 3. Project business Matrix Table 4. Risk Register Outline List of Figures Figure 1. Project life unit of ammunition Figure 2.Work Breakdown Structure Figure 3. Project Organisation Figure 4. Gantt Chart Project Background Big Ideas Ltd plans to organize a one day training event in project management, with a specific focus on the MS Project use and the Critical Path Analysis (CPA) as a planning technique. Big Idea has no project management experience in managing events of such(prenominal) caliber which is why several companies with expertise in project management have been approached for providing an offer and a solution of how the event should be managed. The Project management Ltd (PML) offer is provided in the following sections. Project image and Strategy PMBOK and PRINCE2 are standard project methodologies used by many PM practitioners across the world. The both(prenominal) methodologies recommend that the projects begin with a project first appearance phase in which a clear identification of customer, in this case the owners requirements is made (PMI 2008, OGS 2005). In the case of Big Ideas project, PM practitioners as Field and Keller (20078-15) and Gardiner (2005) and in line with the PM standards, recommend preparing a Feasibility knowledge or a Business Case in the terminology used in Prince2 PM approach (OGC 2005). The Business Case is a standard tool in project management which aims at look into the financial, technical and managerial implications of the identified solution for accomplishing clients requirements. The Business Case enables the Management team to make a decision on the future development of the project , its objectives and scope (Field and Keller 2007 25-40). The outputs of the project initiation phase are (1) an Appointed Project Manager and a (2) Project Initiation Document (PID). In the process of the initial project development and the definition of the project objectives, the project practitioners as Turner (2009) and Kerzner (2009) recommend an identification of two set of factors for measuring the project advantage. The first set is made out of the achiever criteria, or the dependent variables by which the successful outcome of the project will be assessed time, cost and quality. The second base set are the success factors or the independent variables which will influence the successful achievement of the success c

Iron deficiency Essay Example for Free

Iron insufficiency EssayIron inadequateness is a decrease in the number of wilddish blood cells in the blood due to a lack of exhort. Iron deficiency anemia is the most common form of anemia in children. You last press out through certain foods, and your embody reuses iron from old red blood cells. Iron deficiency (too little iron) whitethorn be caused by an iron poor diet (this is the most common cause) the body not being able to absorb iron very well.Lilly is a 4-year old Caucasian womanish she suffers from a disorder called Iron Deficiency anemia disorder. This occurs when there is not enough iron in the body. The reason Lily has Iron Deficiency disorder is because of her diet. Iron is the major component of hemoglobin and is essential for its proper(ip) function. Hemoglobin is a part of the red blood cells it carries oxygen throughout the body without enough iron the body produces less and not as many red blood cells form. Lily is a picky birdfeeder and only drink ing fruit punch and eating starchy foods is a contributing factor to her condition. around of the symptoms to Iron Deficiency Anemia are blue-tinged or very discolour whites of the eyes, blood in stool, pale skin color, and weakness.Lily shows signs of some of these. Even though Lilys mother is single and on a dispirited budget, there are things, she can do to prevent this. There are iron supplements that can be taken by mouth or given by injection into a muscle or vein. The most important thing in preventing this disorder or or correcting it is to eat iron enough foods such as raisins, meats, (especially liver), fish, poultry, eggs, soup beans, and whole grain bread. Prognosis with change in supplements or iron rich diet most cases the blood counts will return to normal within a equalize of months.Davon is a 5-year-old African American whose mother carries the reaping hook cell trait. Sickle Cell disease is an get blood disorder that affects red blood cells. The reaping hoo k cell gene causes the body to produce deviate hemoglobin. In sickle cell disease, the hemoglobin clumps together, causing red blood cells to become stiff and commence C-shaped (sickle) form. These sickled red blood cells can block blood vessels, reducing blood flow to many part of the body. This process can result in tissue and organ damage.. Hemoglobin and Iron each red blood cell contains round 280 million hemoglobin molecules. Hemoglobin is the most important component of red blood cells. It is composed of protein (globulin) and a molecule (heme) which binds to iron.You can understand Darvons mothers concern since about 70,000-100,000 Americans- mostly African Americans have Sickle cell disease. About 2 million Americans have sickle cell trait. Sickle cell is inherited and people at risk for inheriting the gene for sickle cell descend from people who are or were originally from Africa or parts of India and the Mediterranean. Blood examination can determine whether an indivi dual has sickle cell trait or sickle cell disease. barroom and lifestyle changes general precautions to prevent and reduce the severity of long-term complications of sickle cell disease, some(prenominal) precautions may be helpful. Have regular physical examinations every 3-6 months. Have periotic and careful eye examinations. Have fitted rest, warmth, and increase fluid intake. These are critical precautions for reducing oxygen loss and the risk of dehydration. Avoid crowds that increase the risk for infection.Spencer suffers from a condition called Thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which there is a insufficient number of circulating platelets. Platelets are parts of the blood that help blood to clot. Thrombocytopenia often divided into three major causes of low platelets Low production of platelets in the marrow increased breakdown of platelets in the bloodstream and an increased breakdown of platelets in the spleen or liver. Spencer has noticed over the las t several weeks an increase in ecchymosis, which is the passage of blood from ruptured blood vessels into subcutaneous tissue marked by a purple discoloration of the skin or bruising.Some of the causes of Thrombocytopenia are accidental eye injury, anorexia nervosa, cirrhosis of the liver and liver disease. Treatment depends on the cause of the condition. In some cases, a transfusion of platelets may be required to stop or prevent bleeding Prevention would depend on the specific cause.

Trends and Challenges in Human Resource Management Essay Example for Free

Trends and Ch in allenges in military personnel Resource Management Essaya.Discuss how a complete cognitive operation commission placement differs from the use of yearly performance ideas.The performance focussing cycle begins with objective setting where the appraisee ought to be orient about performance expectations for the given performance period. Throughout the period, performance is measured officially through the performance approximation exercise, where the appraiser is given the chance to give performance feedback through an question. The performance management ashes subsumes the performance estimate turn, and is meaningfully cerebrate to rewards based on outcomes or gists. Following all these, modifications be implemented to objectives and activities, including the drawing of an individual development plan for closing competency gaps (Clarke, Rogers, Miklos, 1996).The following section describes the different eccentric persons of performance appraisa l systems, which, as emphasized, is only whizz part of the performance management cycle. The following discusssion is being made to take over the idea that performance appraisal is but one part of performance management.Trait-focused appraisal systems. A trait-focused system concentrates on employees attributes such as their dependability, assertiveness, and friendliness. Though commonly used, trait focused performance appraisal instruments atomic take 18 not a good idea because they set up poor feedback and thus will not result in employee development and growth (Kingstrom Bass, 1981). For example, in a performance retread beseeminging in which the executive program tells an employee that she received low pass judgments on duty and friendliness, the employee is likely to take defensive. Further more, the employee will want specific examples the supervisory programy program may not vex available (Kingstrom Bass, 1981).Behaviour-focused performance appraisal systems. Behaviour-focused instruments focus on what an employee does. Instead of order them on personalized traits, a behaviour-focused instrument would rate him or her on specific behaviours. For example, in the object lesson of a bank teller, some behaviours that may be rated on are as follows Knows customers names, and convey customer after each transaction. The obvious advantage to a behaviour-focused system is the amount of specific feedback that keister be given to each employee. Further, the focus on behaviour rather than traits does not only flash back employee defensiveness but reduces legal problems (Kingstrom Bass, 1981).From a legal perspective, solicits are more interested in the due member afforded by a performance appraisal system that in its technical aspects. After reviewing 295 circuit court decision regarding performance appraisal, Werner Bolino (1997) concluded that performance appraisal systems are most likely to survive a legal challenge if they are based o n chew over analysis, if raters receive training and written instructions, if employees are allowed to review results, and if ratings from multiple raters are consistent.Following the performance appraisal process is performance feedback. In organisational parlance, this is frequently referred to as performance discussions.Perhaps the most important use of performance evaluation info is to provide feedback to the employee and assess his or her strengths and weaknesses so that further training merchant ship be implemented. Although this feedback and training should be an ongoing process, the semi-annual evaluation might be the surmount time to formally discuss employee performance. Furthermore, holding a formal review converse places the organization on better legal ground in the outcome of a lawsuit (Field Holley, 1982).Normally, in most organizations a supervisor spends a few minutes with employees each six months to tell them about the s tickers they received during the m ost recent performance evaluation period. This process is probably the norm because most managers do not like to judge others because of this dislike, they listen to complete the evaluation process as quickly as possible (Field Holley, 1982).Furthermore, seldom does evaluating employees benefit the supervisor. The best scenario is to hear no complaints, and the worst scenario is a lawsuit. In fact, one study demonstrated that dissatisfaction and a decrease in organizational freight occurs even when an employee receives an evaluation that is satisfactory but not outstanding (Pearce Porter, 1986). Finally, in the tell and convey approach to performance appraisal interviews, a supervisor tells an employee everything she has done poorly and then sells her on the shipway in which she tooshie improve. This method, however, accomplishes little.There are certain techniques that will make the performance appraisal interview more effective, and these are discussed in the following sec tions.Both the supervisor and the employee must have time to modernize for the review interview. Both should be allowed at least 1 hour to prepare before an interview and at least 1 hour before the interview itself (Pearce Porter, 1986).The interview location should be a neutral place that ensures privacy and allows the supervisor and the employee to face one another without a desk between them as a communication barrier (Rhoads, 1997). Performance appraisal review interviews should be scheduled at least once every 6 months for most employees and more often for new employees. Review interviews are commonly scheduled 6 months after an employee begins casting for the organization. It is important to note that while formal performance review interviews occur only twice a year, informal progress checks should be held throughout the year to provide feedback (Rhoads, 1997).While preparing for the interview, the supervisor should review the ratings she has assigned to the employee and t he reasons for those ratings. This step is important because the quality of feedback given to employees will assume their satisfaction with the entire performance appraisal process (King, 1984). Meanwhile the employee should rate her induce performance, using the very(prenominal) format as the supervisor. The employee also should write d avouch specific reasons and examples that support the ratings she gives herself (King, 1984).At the outset of the interview, the supervisor should communicate the following 1) the part of the performance appraisal that making decisions about salary increases and terminations is not its touch on purpose 2) how the performance appraisal was conducted and 3) how the evaluation process was accomplished. It is advisable that the supervisor also communicate her own feelings about the performance appraisal process (Kelly, 1984).The review process is probably best begun with the employee communicating her own ratings and her justification for those ra tings. Research indicates that employees who are actively involved in the interview from the start will be more satisfied with the results. The supervisor then communicates his ratings and his reasons for them (King, 1984).At the conclusion of the interview, goals should be mutually set for afterlife performance and behaviour, and two supervisor and employee should understand how these goals are met (Cederbloom, 1982).In summary, a performance management system encompasses the phases of performance planning, performance monitoring, performance feedback, and performance development. In performance planning, the goal of the superior is to ensure that all objectives, key performance indicators, and even resources for performance words are clear and understood.In performance monitoring, the supervisor aims to custody track of whether the employee is delivering in accordance with expectations. This is done through communication and progress tracking. The performance appraisal exercis e is only one practice subsumed in this whole system, particularly under performance feedback giving. Finally, in the performance development phase, performance gaps are addressed through coaching, classsroom training, and other individual development initiatives.b.Discuss the advantages of managing perturbation in organizations.Turnover has been linked with affective and law of continuation allegiance. Each of the three distinctdimensions to organizational commitment affective, continuance and normative commitment are specify (Meyer and Allen, 1997).1) Affective commitment means an employees personal attachment and identification to the organization. This results in a strong belief in an acceptance of the organizations goals and values. Employees with a strong affective commitment continue employment with the organization because they want to do so (Par and Tremblay, 2000, p. 5)2) Continuance commitment is a tendency to engage in consistent lines of activity based on the ind ividuals recognition of the costs associated with discontinuing the activity. Employees whose primary link to the organization is based on continuance commitment remain because they need to do so. (Par and Tremblay, 2000, p. 5)3) Normative commitment provides that employees exhi modus operandi behaviours solely because they believe it is the right field and moral thing to do. Employees with a juicy level of normative commitment feel that they ought to remain with the organization. (Par and Tremblay, 2000, p. 5)In their findings, Par and Tremblay provide that affective commitment and continuance commitment are negatively related to employee turnover intentions (Par and Tremblay, 2000, p. 6). In addition to these two distinct types of commitment affecting turnover intention, their studies also points to the factor they scratch Organizational Citizenship Behaviour or OCB. OCB is considered as a key element in organizational effectiveness. OCB is defined as an employees willingness to go above and beyond the prescribed roles which they have been assigned (Par and Tremblay, 2000, p. 6, quoting from Organ 1990). establish on Par and Tremblays findings, the stronger the citizenship behaviour, the more likely they are to stay in their company. In effect, those with high turnover intentions are not as committed as those who intend to stay long with the company.The blood Characteristics Model of Hackman and Oldham (1980) show that the job characteristics of learning variety, task identity, task significance, task autonomy, and feedback are likewise linked to management of turnover. The five core job characteristics are in continuous interaction with individual departures that perk up three censorious psychological states in an employee. These three states are 1) when the job is structured by skill variety, task identity and task significance this could lead employees to experience meaningfulness in their cream.2) The second state, task autonomy, which leads t o feelings of responsibility for the outcomes of massage. 3) The third and last state is feedback, which leads employees towards noesis of the results of their control (Douthit 2000 Huber 2000). These three critical psychological states lead to a set of affective and personal outcomes high internal work motivation, high growth satisfaction, high world-wide satisfaction, high work effectiveness, and low rate of absenteeism (Mohamed 2004 Donovan and Radosevich, 1998).These affective and personal outcomes are the results of en employees job characteristics. They are defined as followsHigh internal work motivation this is the degree to which an employee is willing to work and to consider the organizational objectives as part of his or her own goals (Mohamed, 2004).High growth satisfaction this is the consummation of the employee in overcoming challenges, succeeding and growing (Steers Black, 1994)High general satisfaction this the feeling derived from the overall satisfaction w ith the work itself. This type of satisfaction is reflected mainly in decreased rates of absenteeism among employees (Steers Black, 1994).High work effectiveness this refers to both the quality and quantity aspects of work performance (Hackman Oldham, 1980).Low rate of absenteeism.In other words, in managing guardianship and in effect managing these characteristics of the job, the organization shall have more motivated, more satisfied, more effective employees (Hackman Oldham, 1980).c.Examine contemporary natural rubber and wellness management issues in the workplace. body of work refuge Information (2007) defines workplace arctic as an environs encompassing all the factors that may have impact on the welfare of the employees in terms of resort working powers and the health of laborers. Aspects that are given priorities are the hazards found in the surroundings, workplace areas, conditions and workplace process flowcharts. Other issues among employees regarding grooming, drug and alcohol abuse, absenteeism, horseplay and tardiness, violence and work output submissions are also covered.If there is one organization monitoring the activities of the resort in the workplace, it is the Occupational sentry duty and Health Organization (OSHA). OSHA is focusing on three goals as its cornerstones in regulating safety practices in organizations.First, it improves the safety and health of the workers, from the top management to the bottom, to make sure that there would be less accidents, hazards, injuries, illnesses, and fatalities that will occur in the companies. Second, it operates by making changes in the workplace culture to heighten the awareness of both the employer and its workers in committing its involvement in the health and safety of the company populace. Third, it assures the security of public confidence in maintaining the delivery of OSHAs programs and gos. Looking at the federal guidelines, OSHAs proposed programs are less tough and are user -friendly for different companies (Guastello, 1993).However, a common query among organizations is that the benefits of behaviour modification programs, such as inducings may not have lasting effectuate or may diminish over time (Guastello, 1993).Many agree that safety programs using incentives can be found in an existing and well-rounded comprehensive safety program. Based on OSHA, there are four elements of an effective safety and health program such as management commitment and employee involvement worksite analysis hazard prevention and control and safety and health training.In all these elements of incentive programs employees participation can be recognised. First, a number of employees can be heads of safety committees, worksite analyses, accident investigations and safety suggestions. Second, by assigning among them a supervisor hazard prevention and control may be modify since peers will follow anti-hazard rules in their workspace.Third, employees can be seen in the acti ve attendance and participation in safety meetings through quizzes, interactive role-playing and roundtable discussions.Giving the employees the chance to participate and be recognised in effective safety programs, they would feel that it is a privilege to be part of the core group of safety culture in the family. At the homogeneous time the myriad of manuals and guidelines provided discussing safety workplace incentives will good-tempered be very useful in keeping the employees aware of the controls and measures that the company is undertaking for the welfare of the workers in general (Walker, 2007).Reduction in the number of accidents has been shown to be possible with the strict implementation of workplace behaviour modifications (Lund Aaro, 2004). Using safety incentives is just one of the ends to the ways of improving populations safety behaviours. By introducing a safety culture scheme in the organization, individual and group motivational factors for safe behaviour, essay justification, and optimism in workplace are deemed to show great improvement (Williamson et al., 1997).In one way or another, these factors are crucial and are influenced by the reward system such as incentives by recognising the individuals who are putting their best efforts to their work and doing their jobs in a safe manner. Safety incentive programs generally have two categories (1) injury/illness-based incentive programs and (2) behaviour-based incentive programs (Hinze, 2002).Injury/illness-based incentive programs are based on the number of times that an illness or injury is incurred and such occurrence will be the criterion in rewarding workers and crew members. The programs go along with the assumption that (1) facilities and equipment used are in good condition and do not cause any accidents (2) employees are given seemly training and work knowl exhibit in administering the use of office equipment and (3) accidents are usually the results of workers negligence or via m edia on safety (Smith, 1997).Meanwhile, behaviour-based incentive programs observe the workers in such a way that their attitude towards work is assessed. Previous studies have identified the means of measuring workers behaviour as a means for recognising safety performance (Duff et al., 1993). Examples of activities of behaviour that can be rewarded are active participation in safety meetings and training sessions, ability to give sound suggestions about the improvement of safety in the jobsite, proper use of personal equipment and other behaviour avoiding accidents (Geller, 1996).d.Also, include a discussion of future trends and challenges in HR management.Since the theories, approaches and practices for Human Resource Management can be traced back to Frederick Taylors Scientific Management, trends can be expected. Some of the recent trends that are being observed are moonlighting, human resource outsourcing, and two of Charles accomplisheds organizational impersonates Shamrock and Federal, respectively.Moonlighting is when an employee holds dual or multiple jobs at the same time. Many employees become moonlighters if they salary they get from their primary job is not enough. Moonlighting has its advantages too. It can reduce the rate of turnovers in industries where work is routinary and it can also be a means for a company to retain their employees. The downside of moonlighting is that the company risks losing hole-and-corner(a) information to competitors. It can also lead to absenteeism due to exhaustion and burnout from both jobs (Tett Meyer, 1993).Outsourcing is one of the latest additions to the trends in human resource management. An organization seeks out sub contractual employees for either product design or manufacturing from a third-party organization at a lower cost. Outsourcing is good for small to medium-sized organizations that are growth oriented since it can provide the owners free time to focus on developing strategies to gain competit ive edge (Ulrich, 1997).It can also help transform the business by increasing the flexibility of the organization to meet the changing conditions, demands for products and services and technologies. It also makes the experts available for you. By outsourcing experts, you are able to improve your risk management and control over the business. Your credibility can also be improved since you do have the best in the field working for you. You also gain a network by associating your organization to the provider.Charles adepts organizational models are being practiced by enterprises depending on the nature of their industry (Armstrong, 2003). With these models, organizations can be flexible with their organizational structure in indian lodge to ensure their competitive edge. The Shamrock model or clover model consist of three main levels that represent a different type of organizational objectives the core, the contractual fringe, and the flexible workforce. The core is basically the t hinking part of the model. They are the ones that possess the most knowledge about the field and are the most paid.The contractual fringe is the part of the model that provides materials and service inputs to the core. The flexible workforce is responsible for the workload itself. Though these three workforces or parts need to be managed separately and differently, the organization has three different parts with varying responsibilities and expectations and yet work to achieve the same goal. In the Federal model, power is distributed and it is about building high commitment, professional organizations. The federal is a bit daedal. It is decentralized but at the same time centralized when the situations calls for it. It is a system of small core organizations with much focused core competencies sustained by many resources available to them.It is also believed that in order to improve productivity a strong social agreement between the organization and the union and a good social welf are system is a must.Although more and more trends come to pass to keep up with the changes, more and more conflicting issues arise too. Selecting who to hire is becoming a more complex task. rearing and developments are hard to keep up with since more technological improvements are made and competitor is getting stiffer by the minute. Maintaining current employees is proving to be one of the top human resource managers problems, since more organizations try to outdo each other in regards to the compensation and benefits they offer to their would-be and existing employees. Diversity deep down the workplace is posing to be a relevant issue for the human resource department (Chen, 2007). demand and loyalty of employees is a perennial contemporary issue for the human resource manager. Mergers, acquisition, turnovers, and consolidation happen more often, and throughout all these, strategic human resource management is necessary to ensure continued delivery of objectives amidst turbu lent change.ReferencesArmstrong, M. (2003). A handbook of human resource management practice. London Kogan Page.Cederbloom, D. (1982). The performance appraisal interview A review, implications, and suggestions. Academy of Management Review, 7, 219-227.Chen, A. (2007). The challenges of human resource management. Retrieved April 9, 2008 from http//ezinearticles.com.Clarke, D., Rogers, V. Miklos, S. (1996). Upward appraisal Does it make a difference? Paper presented at the 11th annual meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, St. Louis, MO.Donovan, J.J. Radosevich, D. (1998). The moderating role of goal commitment on the goal difficultyperformance relationship a meta-analytic review and critical re-analysis. Journal of applied psychology, 83, 30815.Douthit, M.W., (2000). Job satisfaction returns to human and social capital. Journal of behavioral and applied management, 2000, 1(1), 67.Duff, A. R., Robertson, I. T., Cooper, M. D., Phillips, R. and linked K ingdom Health Safety Executive (HSE). (1993). Improving safety on construction sites by changing personnel behaviour (HSE Contract Research Report No.51/ 1993).Field, H. S., Holley, W. H. (1982). The relationship of performance appraisal system characteristics to verdicts in selected employment discrimination cases. Academy of Management Journal, 25, 392-406.Geller, E. (1996). The psychology of safety How to improve behaviours and attitudes on the job, Pennsylvania Chilton adjudge Company.Guastello, S. (1993). Do we really know how well our occupational accident programs work? Safety Science, 16, 445-463.Hackman, J.R. Oldham, G.R. (1980). Work design. Reading, Massachusetts, AddisonWesley, 1980, 11421.Hinze, J. (2002). Safety incentives Do they reduce injuries? Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction, 7(2), 81-84.Kelly, C. M. (1984). Reasonable performance appraisals. Training Development, 38(1), 79-82.King, P. (1984). Performance planning and appraisal. New Yo rk McGraw-Hill.Kingstrom, P.O., Bass, A. R. (1981). A critical analysis of studies comparing behaviourally anchored rating scales (BARS) and other rating formats. Personnel Psychology, 34, 263-289.Lund, J. Aaro, L. (2004). Accident prevention Presentation of a model placing emphasis on human, structural, and cultural factors. Safety Science, 42, 271324.Meyer, J.P. Allen, N.J. (1997). Commitment in the workplace. Sage Publications.Mohamed, A.H. (2004, May) Using the job characteristics model to compare patient care designation methods of nurses, 10(3), 389-405.Par, G. and Tremblay, M. (2000). The measurement and antecedents of turnover intentions among IT professionals. Scientific Series. Ciprano. September 2000.Pearce, J. L., Porter, L. W. (1986). Employee responses to formal performance appraisal feedback. Journal of employ Psychology, 71, 211-218.Rhoads, C. (1997). A year-round schedule said to take sting out of performance reviews. American Banker, 162(28), 6.Smith, T.A. (1 997) Whats wrong with safety incentives? Professional Safety, May, 44.Steers, R.M. Black, J.C. (1994). Organizational behavior, 5th ed. New York, Harper Collins.Tett, R. P., Meyer, J.P. (1993). Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover Path analyses based on meta analytic findings. Personel Psychology, 46, 259-293.Ulrich, D. (1997). Human resource champions The next agenda for adding value and delivering results. Boston, Mass.Harvard condescension School Press.Walker, J. (2007). ABCs of safety incentives Positive consequences to behaviour. Facility Safety Management. Retrieved April 10, 2008 from http// www.fsmmag.com/Articles/2005/12/ABCs%20of%20Safety%20Incentives%20Positive%20Consequences%20to%20Behaviour.htm.Werner, J. M., Bolino, M. C. (1997). Explaining U.S. Courts of Appeals decisions involving performance appraisal Accuracy, fairness, and validation. Personnel Psychology, 50(1), 1-24.Williamson, A., Feyer, A., Cairns, D. Biancotti, D. (1997). The development of a measure of safety climate The role of safety perceptions and attitudes. Safety Science, 25(1-3), 15-27.Workplace Safety Information. (2007). Workplace safety Information and much more from Answers.com. Retrieved April 11, 2008 from http//www.answers.com/topic/workplace-safety?cat=biz-fin.

Women language Essay Example for Free

Wo custody language EssayOne of the debates which is of long standing indoors the study of linguistics is concerned with whether wo manpower speak in a language and perceive situations in a manner significantly various from that of workforce. umteen theorists both feminists and anti-feminists have attempted to prove that women do and so speak in a different way from men and that in that location is such a social occasion as the women language. The debate attempts to place in context matters such as wake up dissimilaritys in linguistic behavior at the level of phonology and to a lesser extent grammar. The concepts upon which the debate has been construct however reflect, to a greater or lesser extent, the influence of feminism over the past two decades. Feminism has fore grounded issues of sexual activity differences and male domination in society it has prompted a concern with position women on the map and a critical reappraisal of feminist and non-feminist research. The discussions on sexual urge linguistics and then focus on the feminist projects of redressing the balance, as manifested in the academic field of languages. Phonologycognitive research on gender differences has don interest from linguistic experts and language scholars. Holmes and Meyeroff (2003, p. 144), the research to a greater extent oftentimes than not directs itself to the hypothesis that women posses more than(prenominal) better verbal skills than men. Most of the studies have drawn the conclusion that there are in fact differences based on gender, in verbal performance and verbal cognitive affect. It is oftentimes believed that females are far better in reading and posses much stronger language acquisition skills than males.Many scholars equate this prob expertness to the phonological superiority possessed by women, (Christie 2002, p. 102). The difference in phonological ability is often attributed by some researchers and scholars to the structure of the brain w hich in this case favors the female. Studies suggest that the left hemisphere of the brain which is much more(prenominal) developed in males is superior in mathematical and scientific processing and analysis (direct speech).On the other muckle the right hemisphere (much highly developed) in females is much more superior in word structure, grammar recognition and verbalization (indirect speech), (Christie 2002, p. 104). However the evidence provided to support this theory has often drawn inconsistent results making it much difficult to prove. Another school of researchers in linguistics suggests that civilisation is the main foundation for any form of language processing and development. For this school of scholars the role of women as caregivers in society makes them much more sensitive in their speech structure and verbalization.They know that they must be more knowledge adapted in the different aspects of language and speech, (Holmes and Meyerhoff 2003, p. 142). The women are the first teachers for the child and therefore they target much more time to understand the speech techniques and pronunciation so they can be able to direct the children much substantially. The mens social role as providers on the other hand, pre-disposes them to piteous performance in reading, sounds and sentence structure. This blottos that women easily develop direct and indirect speech much easily than men. men are much better at direct speech. Use of Slang In historical society and the study of linguistics, women have been given the conservative linguistic role while men are often considered much more creative, and innovative in their language exercise. In traditional societies, command of women denied them the chance to use creative, innovative language that violated the speech protocol. It is from this perspective that many scholars develop the picture that women are less seeming to develop fool away or terms considered as slang term in their speech.Medieval societ y put in place taboos and regulations that denied women the chance to distort conventional language regulations. Women had to use respectable language, refrain from swearing and insults and use properly structured words and sentences. Grammatical errors and poor pronunciations were frowned upon, a womans speech was considered a reflection of her character and conduct, (Christie, 2000, p. 154). Surprisingly this practice is still move over in todays modernized society.We all have a tendency to judge and draw conclusions regarding an individuals character from their command of conventional language, moreso women. Although there is no evidence that the use of slang is more predominant in a specific gender than the other it is found that men refund to the use of slang terminologies much more easily than women. Even when women are influenced by the use of slang and they incorporate slang terminologies in their speech, the difference can be seen from the choice of terminologies.Women te nd to use more euphemistic terminologies, while men apply complete use of slang vocabulary. Use of Polite run-in In any form of communication, the speaker often hopes to get respect from his audience or the peck he is speaking to. The difference in language and speech comes from how the women and men perceive respect. While the men view fear and admirations as forms of respect, women view agreement, generosity and sympathy as the measures of respect. Socio-linguists use this reason to let off why women are much more pre-disposed to the use of polite language than men.The mutual agreement is that women baffle polite language to be much more productive than men who prefer aggressive terms. workforce are socialise by society to use rougher and more commanding language than women. Women on the hand are required to act like ladies, be respectable and meek. Coates (1998, p. 87) women are much more likely to use polite words such as please, excuse me and give thanks you than men. Wo men identify with the lesser classes and the handle or misused, and find it natural to appreciate others. Men on the other hand are socialized to take away action, appreciation and praise especially from women.Though being male does not necessarily mean that one is rude and arrogant, it does mean that the person is less likely to say please or thank you. In written literature, feminist scholars have often insinuated that female writers have developed what is known as the female sentence, which is structured to appeal to the polite nature of the female reader as hygienic as the writer. Women are socialized to be much more submissive, as young little girls for example overlap use of polite language and general respect to others is applauded. On the other hand boys are promote to be much more aggressive and demanding.It is this form of socialization rather than the biological composition of gender that linguists believe conditions women to be much more polite than men. Conversatio n Dominance A study conducted in 1975 by psychologist and linguist Zimmerman and West, based on a turn taking conversation model revealed that men are much more likely to dominate a conversation through interruption than females, (as quoted in Coates 1998,p. 161). Men feel the need to be dominant in all areas of their life, always commanding the undecomposed attention of others.They employ strategies such as interruption, questions in the middle of sentences and change of topics to maintain the dominance of the conversation. Men are well versed in strategies such as no response, interrupting, poor and misfortunate responses and silence employed to change the path of the conversation to what suits them best. Eckert and McConnell- Ginnet (2003, p. 121) state that women may resort to arguments and shouting much easily when ignored, but they also tend to calm and compromise easily. However men are much more adamant, they can become completely uncooperative when ignored.While women hav e a tendency to point what they would like to address or their wants and needs, men just tend to come out and directly demand what they want. Men are more confident with voicing their own needs even when they are infringing on some one elses needs and time. As children parents and the society in general socializes the young girl to be more compromising allowing the male to get the attention they seem to thrive on. The male on the other hand is socialized to fight for and demand this attention. ConclusionThe analysis of language and speech in gender provides a reflection of the cultural roles and status in society. The biological composition of each sex is less important in the development of language as compared to the socialization patterns utilized by different cultures. In general women are much more likely to develop subjective language and speech, easily influenced by the people they are speaking to. Men however are much more technical and object oriented in their language an d speech, incorporating as little emotion as they can.To understand the difference in speech and language between men and women, one must first understand the gender roles and status defined by specific cultures. Works Cited 1. Christie Christine. Gender and speech Towards Feminist Pragmatics. Edinburgh. Edinburgh University Press . 2000. 2. Coates Jennifer. Language and Gender A Reader. Massachusetts. Blackwell Publishing 1998. 3. Eckert Penelope and McConnell -Ginet Sally. Language and Gender. United Kingdom. Cambridge University Press. 2003 4. Holmes Janet and Meyerhoff Miriam. Handbook of Language and Gender. Massachusetts. Blackwell Publishers. 2003.

Jack Johnson Essay Example for Free

Jack Johnson EssayJack Johnson was born in Texas. He was the second in a family of nine children. His parents were slaves in their past then became successful Methodists. Speaking intimately his education, it must be mentioned that he studied at school only for five years and up to now was excommunicated for his statements about non-existence of the God. However, he succeeded in other field it can be stated with certainty that the lifelong reigning giant Champion of the world was a man by the name of John Aurthur Jonson. (Zirin)Johnson had his beginning(a) attack, a 16-round conquest, when he was 15. He became professional in 1897, working in private organizations and earning much money. thusly he appeared under arrest and was imprisoned for the reason that boxing was an illegal occupation in Texas. Johnson left field Galveston after release. (Horowitz 2007) In 1908, Johnson became a world champion after the battle with Tommy Burns. However he got the denomination only in 1910 after the crusade with Jeffries in Las Vegas. After Johnsons fight with Jeffries race revolution started.The Texas Legislature forbade movies of his winnings over w frittere boxes being afraid of more(prenominal) rebellion. In 1913, Johnson ran away because of concocted accusations of breaching the Mann Acts victual against transporting blanched women to the country for prostitution. (Horowitz 2007) Speaking about his hobbies, Remnick states that Johnson was fond of classical music and played the bass viol. In October, 1936, he took the role of Rhadames, the Ethiopian general, in a Chicago Grand Opera Company ware of Aida.In no other country in the world are those who start at the bottom of the inning and reach the top more generally admired than in America. It is because quite impossible to release Johnson from Americas galaxy of self-made men, for he was certainly one of the most brilliant examples. His rise from poverty to global fame had in it all those elements o f romance and glitter that unfailingly delight mankind. (Remnick 2003) Johnsons competitiveness proficiency and sport achievements Johnsons fighting technique was extremely individual.He worked out a more tolerant method than one anticipate that time fighting protectively, looking for an error, and after that using it correspondingly. Johnson for all time started a session carefully, piecemeal turning over the sessions into a more insistent boxer. He frequently struggled to penalize his enemies sooner than hit them out, continually passing up their knocks and hitting with speedy blows. He usually showed that he had much more to present and, if pressed, he managed to blow rather effectively. (Zirin)Johnsons method was extremely successful however it was assessed in the media as gutless and conniving. On the contrary, the white champion Jim Corbett had applied a lot of the identical method as ten years before, and was called by the media the cleverest man in boxing. One of the pr incipal benefits of his techniques is that Johnson was able to make spacious systematization of the already existing fighting methods. This is clearly seen through the strict structure of the fight, with each furcate addressing the separate aspect of the battle.(Horowitz 2007) Thus, step by step, the spectator fills the image of the fight which he has shown with additional aspects and details, fashioning it multidimensional. The principal difference and one of the main advantages of this technique is that it is done through the protection, during which Johnson was learning the methods of his opponent to reckon a mistake then. (Zirin) This showed the perfect knowledge of the battle techniques that Johnson possessed in order to understand techniques he should have known them pretty well.Methodology which was used by the boxer is mostly learning Johnson fatigued rather long time speaking to people about the techniques to gather all information possible. As it was clear, the tech nique was absolutely strict, vivid, logical and correct. (Zirin) No let on proof of Johnsons skill can be cited than the particular that his face, ears, and skin, unlike those of most pugilists, bore no disfiguring marks. (Remnick 2003) By 1902, Johnson triumphed in no less than 50 battles with dark-skinned white and adversaries. He got his first title in 1903, in the fight with Denver Ed Martin.His attempts to abbreviate the full rank were let down as because Heavyweight Champion James J. Jeffries rejected to fight with him because he was black. Actually, Negroes could fight with white people however the heavyweight competition was very appreciated and customary arrangement in America that Negroes were not considered praiseworthy to take part in it. Nevertheless, Johnson had a discover to have a battle with ex- champion Bob Fitzsimmons in 1907. He finally got the World Heavyweight Title in 1908, after his fight with the world champion Tommy Burns.The battle had fourteen roun ds and them was stopped because the Johnsons opponent was severely defected. After this winning over Burns, ethnic hostility among white people became so serious that a collectivist like Jack London spoke about Great albumen Hope to get the title back from black man who was rudely illustrated as a infrahuman chimpanzee, bring it back it to the place it must be at, with the better white race. Being title owner, Johnson therefore had to fight many opponents billed by advertisers as great white hopes, usually in intromission competitions.In 1909 Johnson defeated such fighters as Tony Ross, Victor McLaglen, Al Kaufman, Frank Moran, Stanley Ketchel. The match with Ketchel was keenly fought by both men until the 12th and last round, when Ketchel threw a right to Johnsons head, knocking him down. Slowly regaining his feet, Johnson threw a straight to Ketchels jaw, knocking him out, along with several of his teeth. His fight with Philadelphia Jack OBrien was a disappointing one for John son though scaling 205 pounds to OBriens 161, he could only achieve a six-round draw with the great middleweight. (Remnick 2003)Johnson had three wives all of them were white women. However, he had no children. He died in the automobile accident happened on June 10, 1946, in North Carolina. finishing The fights of Johnson could be viewed as the basis for deep analysis and understanding of the methods which existed in the previous fights. The significance of the technique analyzed here is not under any doubts it has become clear that the methods used by Johnson is so successful that it cannot be stated any other fighter has been able to create a better one even over the recent years.The significance of this technique is more increased through the both following factors first of all, it has been done from inside of the battle with Johnson undertaking multiple efforts to learn partners technique and second, making the serious conclusions touching the need of opponents behavior learn ing. (Stump 1963)Works CitedRemnick, David assay for his soul, The Observer, 2003 Zirin, Dave The Hidden History of Muhammad Ali, Edge of Sports Stump, Al. The rowdy reign of the Black avenger. True The Mens Magazine January 1963. Horowitz, Adam, et al. 101 Dumbest Moments in Business, CNN. com, 2007

Mexican and Italian foods Essay Example for Free

Mexican and Italian pabulums Essay legion(predicate) Mexican and Italian foods argon actually similar and still, the prep ared dishes of each country perk up very distinct and bold flavors. Both countries exercising heart and souls, grains, and produce that are grown locally to prepare their meals. However, Italian foods are regional and Mexican food is immanent to the whole country. Many of the spices for flavoring are the same, but they are substance ab apply with a conclave of different ingredients and the foods are prepared differently. Dishes from both countries often use sauces, but each country implements the use of their sauces differently to enhance the flavor of the final dish. If you enjoy cooking or eating, exploring the similarities and differences between Mexican and Italian foods will tempt anyones palate. The origin and influences of Mexican and Italian foods dependable Mexican foods are native to the country and the Pueblo Indians. Corn was grown by the Pu eblos and many Mexican recipes require corn base specialties such as tacos, enchiladas, tamales and quesadillas. Beans are also a staple food in the Mexican culture. gain that is grown in the country kindred avocados, tomato plantes and green and red peppers are also used in their recipes to add zest to their flavorful foods.The meat of choice that is used in many of their dishes is pork, but meat is rarely the focal point of the meal. Its used more to add substance and flavor to the food. Authentic Italian foods vary by region. The Tuscan region uses local produced foods like produce, mellow cheeses, and game meats like boar, deer and rabbit. Beans are also a staple of that region. Rome is known for its hearty soups, lamb and pasta dishes. The main staples of Italy in more general terms are vegetables, grains, legumes and cheeses. The basic diet in Italy is called la cucina povera which mean poor peoples food. The spices and oils used in Mexican and Italian foods Mexican foods tend to be spicy. Many people confuse the spiciness with the sensation of heat. cinnamon bark, saffron, cumin is some of the common spices used in Mexican dishes. Lard is used in traditional dishes like tamales. Actually a very small substance is used in frying their food. Lard is preferred and actually necessary to produce some of the honest flavors known to Mexican food. Some of the common spices used in Italian dishes are saffron, cinnamon, nutmeg, rosemary and sage.Cinnamon is used in a lasagna dish made with cinnamon scented and sauteed sensationalistic gizzards called Vircisgrassi. Olive oil is a staple in the cooking process and on the table. Central and southerly regions prefer a dark green olive oil which is once pressed while northern regions prefer golden olive oil. Preparation and use of sauces in Mexican and Italian foods Mexican dishes are generally fried or oven baked. Meats are usually boiled and shredded since they are mostly used in dishes rather than as a sta nd alone meal.Sauces are often used in cooking, but rarely, is additional sauce added before serving. However, sometimes sauces are served on the side for dipping. The majority of Italian dishes are cooked on the stove top. Meats are usually grilled, wine braised or roasted. Italian dishes are known for their rich and thick sauces used in to top their pasta. Many people think of tomato based sauces when they think of Italian dishes, but in fact, many of the sauces are cream based. Mexican and Italian foods are very popular in the United States. Americans have adapted the recipes to their tastes.Recipes that have been adapted are referred to as Mexican-American or Italian-American cuisine not to be confused with authentic Mexican or Italian dishes. Ethnic foods such as these are popular in the diverse American culture.Works Cited Furfaro, Rosemary. Ethnic Cuisine Italy. 2008. Sallys Place. 13 October 2008 http//www. sallys-place. com/food/cuisines/italy. htm. Peyton, James. Frequent ly Asked Questions About Mexican Cooking. 1999-2000. Mexican feed Cooking and Recipes. 13 October 2008 http//lomexicano. com/faq_mexican_food_cooking__recipes. htm.

he Wife of Bath, The Miller and The Pardoner Essay Example for Free

he Wife of Bath, The Miller and The Pard acer EssayThe fact that he has a verruca on his nose makes him seem an ugly person and this is reflected in his personality and the type of story he is likely to tell. He also has a mouth which is described as a greet forneys. This is to request that he is a irregular of a gossip and full of hot air. It may also be indicative of the hellish language that he uses as a fire is utilize to heat a furnace and hell is linked to fire. This type of person would ca-ca probably been around quite a bit in Chaucers time in the taverns and inns.He may kick in seen a hardly a(prenominal) going habitation in the early hours of the morning and heard them telling rude jokes ad stories at the top of their voices. This would have given him the perfect frame for the Miller as most would have been big burley men. The fact he is described as being so ugly may be partly the view that Chaucer has near milling machines in general and also establish on t hose people that would have been lying drunken in the street.The Miller has a thombe of gold which makes sense as there would only have been one miller to each village which would mean they could charge what they liked for the flour they made because the people would be passing unlikely and unwilling to go to another village in companionship to try and get a cheaper price. This therefore makes him seem more realistic and less imagined because Chaucer may have been talking to the highest degree the one in London and using ugly features of others to make the miller appear ugly. He could have through with(p) this as a way of partial revenge to the miller for charging so lots.The pardoner is described in the most grotesque fashion of all three characters. He has heer as yelow as wex. This is a especially nasty way of describing slightlyone that it makes the reader really able to envisage what it looks like. Therefore Chaucer must have ground this on somebody that he had seen beca use otherwise he would not thought to have used such(prenominal) an unusual simile. Chaucer goes on to say I trowe he were a gelding or a mare. This is possibly one of the greatest insults in the English language and hence supports the view that he based his characters on real people.Chaucer clearly dislikes the Pardoner otherwise he would not have written about him in such a manner. Chaucer uses irony to describe him because the Pardoner is carrying around fake relics and selling them to silly priests for a months wages. This is against everything that the church and bible stand for. In my opinion Chaucer was using this as a fable for his views on the religious system. This is because most of the church at that time had at least a few corrupt members and this was mainly true of the ministers at Rome.Nearer the end of his description Chaucer is seemingly in wonder of the pardoner at how well he is able to tell stories and sing. This is because he finds it so amazing that such a dishonest man can stand in a church and praise deity and sell pardons which are essentially sinful in themselves as no one has the power to exempt except for God. This type of person may very well have been met by Chaucer at some point in his life and his utter disgust at the man stayed with him forever. This would undoubtedly influenced his decision as to make the pardoner the most disgusting and unscrupulous members of the pilgrimage.In conclusion I believe that Chaucer based his characters on real people as the descriptions are in such depth that it is hard to deliberate he could have just made them up. On the other hand as a parable writer he has to be very creative and would want his audience to believe the characters as much as possible. I am of the opinion that no one can imagine something completely newly that they have never seen before or at least something close to it in nature or appearance.Therefore even if his attentions were to create complete characters of fictio n subconsciously he would have based them on people that he may have seen walking past him in the street. This is unlikely as I feel he would have closely observed different groups and their attitudes very closely in order to get the right appearance and personality that he wanted for his characters.

Seminar Play Analysis Essay Example for Free

Seminar Play Analysis EssayOn November 20th I went to the Black Box line of business to see the constitute Seminar. It was a small production, and there were only five actors. Going into the play, I had no idea what to expect. I had heard the play was a bit raunchy, with explicit dialogue and provocative scenes. The play started out with four actors gifting college graduate writers. I loved how realistic the specializeting was it really looked standardised somebodys real apartment. The actors did genuinely well portraying sensation, and every thing they did and said I could relate to. At whizz point, a girl was eating real ice cream and kick on the couch to her friend. I thought it was funny how every girl could relate to that scene. I managewise comparabled that the actor had no problem devouring ice cream on top of memorizing her lines and playacting at the same time. I would find it hard not to focus on anything other than the palatable taste of the ice cream. The play was indeed explicit and provocative. Being an 18 year old, I unquestionably had no problem with thatI think I can speak for all of the students who came out to check out the play. Something about how throwing in and F bomb can add so much more emotion and often times humor to a scene. I really enjoyed listening to them talk just like most young adults would. The playwright wasnt holding back at all in the script, and I think thats what made the play so captivating. The script was relatable and funny. There were some things that I didnt like about the play. One of the characters portrayed a rebellious girl who wore dark clothes and fleshy makeup.She was the one who was hooking up with the professor and her friend. She kept blinking her eyes too much and sorrowful her head to try to look as if she was being seductive. I understand that in order to portray a seductive character some of those gestures would work well. I think the actor over did it, and I found it distracting t o watch her keep doing the robotic gestures even when she wasnt in the limelight. I really wish the set design and how they changed the scene to the professors apartment in a creative way.Since there argon no curtains in the black box, its hard to be able to completely add spick-and-span props and move furniture since everybody can see what youre doing. The director did a great project deciding to turn off the lights, play music, and only have the colored lights on the white cruise in the back. The actors danced around and created a whole new set without the audience really knowing what was way out on. When the lights turned back on, a whole new set was in place, and it accurately depicted a writing professors messy living room.I loved this set a lot, with newspaper publisher scattered about, and a little Buddha on his desk to resemble something he had gotten on his many adventures to different countries that he was always bragging about. By being in this class, Ive started to notice the small details like that in a play that I would have never noticed before. When the professor poured a jollify of Jack Daniels, it looked so real that I actually questioned whether or not it was fake. I had to ask one of my friends in theatre if the actor was actually drinking alcohol or not, which they chuckled at, due to the fact that is very illegal.He then told me how actors have a whole lesson on making realistic props much(prenominal) as alcohol. They have all these combinations of non-alcoholic drinks that when put together look very real. The last thing I really liked about the play was how accurate the costumes were for the actors. The professor maintained a professional plainly casual look, that is, when he wasnt walking around in his robe I really liked Izzys costume too it accurately depicted her character without going overboard.

Marcus Ang Is A Member From The Field Sales Section Essay Example for Free

Marcus Ang Is A Member From The Field gross revenue Section EssayMarcus Ang is a member from the field sales section. His sales performance in the juvenile months has been below target in contrast to his outstanding sales in the past years. Marcus blames it on the poor economic situation, however the other sales staff seem to able meet their target. How should maam may may attribute Marcuss performance? First of all, Madam May May has to know to the highest degree what happened to Marcus. What causes him to blame the poor economic situation while the other sales staff still be able to meet their target. As we learn from the organization behavior, we know that employees behavior will presume the performance of an organization. According to Fritz Heider and H.H. Kelly, they stated that peoples behavior is affected by internal and orthogonal factors. On the other hand, Kelleys attribution theory refers to three types of factors which are distinctiveness, consensus and consi stency.Distinctiveness is about whether the accessorys behavior occur during the performance of this task only? Next, consensus is like whether this behavior unusual for the represss peers? Then, consistency is about if this behavior unusual for the subordinate in other situations? In this situation, Madam May May should first consider about the factor of consensus. As Marcus cannot be able to reach the target while other are able to reach their target. Next Madam May May should consider about locus of control dimension, which mean whether the primary cause of the behavior is a device characteristic of the subordinate, or a characteristic of the situation. Second ,stability dimension whether the subordinate is likely to remain stable or unstable? The crossing of the locus of control and stability dimensions produces four casual factor that a loss leader can utilize to explain a subordinates behavior, ability , task difficulty , component ,chance, effort.